Number of found documents: 50
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The anti-oxidative stress response in Drosophila malanogaster involvement of adipokinetic hormone and adenosine
Zemanová, Milada; Kodrík, Dalibor
2016 - English
The anti-oxidative stress response was studied in Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults with mutation in genes of adipokinetic hormone (Akh), and adenosine receptor (AdoR(1)), and both these genes together (Akh(1) AdoR1 double mutant). To elicit the oxidative stress we administered paraquat (PQ) in food. Mortality tests revealed the double mutant Akh(1) AdoR(1) was more sensitive to PQ toxicity than either of the single mutants. The PQ administration significantly increased the Drome-AKH hormone level in control w(1118) and AdoR(1) larvae. On the contrary, PQ significantly increased expression of glutathione S-transferase D1 (GstD1) gene. It seems that both functional adenosine receptor and AKH itself are important for the proper control of the GstD1 gene expression under oxidative stress. On the other hand, differences in glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity among the strains, and between untreated and PQ treated groups were minimal. Next, the glutathione (GSH) level was significantly lower in all untreated mutant groups as compared with untreated control w1118 flies and declined further when the flies were treated with PQ. Thus, we demonstrated the important role of AKH and adenosine in control of anti-stress response elicited by PQ in D. melanogaster model. Keywords: oxidative stress; AKH; adenosine Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The anti-oxidative stress response in Drosophila malanogaster involvement of adipokinetic hormone and adenosine

The anti-oxidative stress response was studied in Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults with mutation in genes of adipokinetic hormone (Akh), and adenosine receptor (AdoR(1)), and both these genes ...

Zemanová, Milada; Kodrík, Dalibor
Biologické centrum, 2016

Study of structure and chemical composition of soil humic substances isolated from humic podzol
Enev, V.; Klučáková, M.; Novák, František
2014 - English
The aim of this work was study chemical composition and structure of soil humic substances (HS). Object of our study were three samples HS which were isolated from Humic Podzol (locality Krkonoše, Czech Republic). Isolation of HS was performed according to the procedure recommended by the International Humic Substances Society. All samples of HS were characterized by elemental analysis (EA), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. Absorption coefficients (E.sub.ET./sub./E.sub.BZ./sub., E.sub.2./sub./E.sub.3./sub. and E.sub.4./sub./E.sub.6./sub.) of HS were calculated from the absorbance values. Fluorescence coefficients (Milori index and Zsolnay index) of HS were calculated from the area of the emission spectra. Keywords: structure; chemical composition; soil humic substances; humic podzol Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Study of structure and chemical composition of soil humic substances isolated from humic podzol

The aim of this work was study chemical composition and structure of soil humic substances (HS). Object of our study were three samples HS which were isolated from Humic Podzol (locality Krkonoše, ...

Enev, V.; Klučáková, M.; Novák, František
Biologické centrum, 2014

Insect anti-stress hormones and their role in keeping of metabolic homeostasis
Kodrík, Dalibor
2014 - English
Keywords: anti-stress hormones Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Insect anti-stress hormones and their role in keeping of metabolic homeostasis

Kodrík, Dalibor
Biologické centrum, 2014

The food preferences of asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis
Šenkeříková, P.; Nedvěd, Oldřich
2012 - English
Survey of food preferences of Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis included two-choice and no-choice tests. Wingless females of aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis and Aphis sambuci were offered to twenty-four hours starving ladybirds. No-choice tests we conducted only with adults. We gave them 20 individuals of one aphid species and we found that ladybirds fed most number of A. pisum. In two-choice test, we combined pairs of studied species: A. f cirsiiacanthoidis x A. pisum, A. pisum x A. sambuci, A. sambuci x A. f cirsiiacanthoidis. We put 10 aphids of each of the two species combined into a plastic Petri dish and then we introduced one ladybird adult or larva. We made 20 replicates with adults. We found that there was statistical difference only in the combination A. sambuci vs. A. f cirsiiacanthoidis, where males consumed more individuals of the toxic aphid A. sambuci. For this combination, we then made 20 replicates with larvae who preyed in contrast with males more of the suitable food A. f cirsiiacanthoidis than toxic A. sambuci. We also studied the influence of contrasting background on food choice in adults. We used both tests and all combinations. We found that females did not prefer any aphid species, except for the black A. f cirsiiacanthoidis being consumed more often than the green A. pisum on black background. Because they consumed much more A. pisum in no-choice experiment on both backgrounds, the difference in choice experiment is very strong and its polarity surprising. Keywords: ladybird; Coccinellidae; Harmonia axyridis Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The food preferences of asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis

Survey of food preferences of Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis included two-choice and no-choice tests. Wingless females of aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis and Aphis sambuci ...

Šenkeříková, P.; Nedvěd, Oldřich
Biologické centrum, 2012

Role of adipokinetic peptides in control of insect anti-stress reactions
Kodrík, Dalibor
2011 - English
Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) control predominantly insect metabolism, but are involved also in a number of other activities. Recently, it was proven that AKHs participated also in the activation of antioxidant protection mechanisms: they increased a level of reduced glutathione and additionally, modulated the activity of catalase that reduces hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It has also been found that AKHs participated on antistress reaction elicited by insecticides and increased the lethal effect of the insecticides alone. The results show that AKHs provide an initiation of the complex antistress response that involves both biochemical and physiological protective mechanisms. Keywords: Insect; adipokinetic hormone; stress Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Role of adipokinetic peptides in control of insect anti-stress reactions

Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) control predominantly insect metabolism, but are involved also in a number of other activities. Recently, it was proven that AKHs participated also in the activation of ...

Kodrík, Dalibor
Biologické centrum, 2011

A myth about the „potent cardiostimulating“ action of insect neuropeptides has been unfounded
Sláma, Karel
2011 - English
Chemists and biochemists isolating or synthesizing insect neuropeptides used to create a myth about “potent cardiostimulating” properties of these peptides. The myth was motivated by a tendency to gain professional importance and scientific merit of their work. Crucial arguments in favour of the idea were obtained by simple, largely nonspecific, in vitro bioassays performed on isolated hearts of cockroaches in saline. These assays gave positive responses to a wide range of low molecular compounds as well as to most peptides tested. Our attempts to solve this problem started by development of new touch-free electrocardiographic methods for monitoring the heartbeat of unrestrained insects. Extensive in vivo recordings revealed that the tentatively “cardioactive” neuropeptides had no cardiostimulating activity under physiological conditions. Intimate similarities appeared between regulation of insect and human hearts. Accordingly, a cardioactive peptide does not exist in human medicine as well. Specific electrocardiographic methods were invented for testing new cardioactive pharmacological preparations on easily available insect material. Keywords: cardioactive neuropeptides; myogenic heartbeat; insect electrocardiography Available at various institutes of the ASCR
A myth about the „potent cardiostimulating“ action of insect neuropeptides has been unfounded

Chemists and biochemists isolating or synthesizing insect neuropeptides used to create a myth about “potent cardiostimulating” properties of these peptides. The myth was motivated by a tendency to ...

Sláma, Karel
Biologické centrum, 2011

Earthworm assemblages on afforested colliery spoil heaps as affected by tree species
Pižl, Václav
2009 - English
Earthworm assemblages were analysed at twenty-eight colliery spoil heap sites of similar age located in the Sokolov open-cast coal mining district, north-western Bohemia, Czech Republic. Sites afforested with different tree species, namely spruce, pine, larch, oak, lime, and alder, were selected for the study in four replicates each, and compared with un-reclaimed sites covered with spontaneously developed vegetation. No difference was found in the density of earthworms between un-reclaimed sites and coniferous stands, however, a significant effect of tree species on worm density was observed at sites with deciduous afforestation. Dense earthworm populations developed in alder and lime plantations, while worm density was significantly lower under oak. Similarly, earthworm biomass at sites with coniferous afforestation did not differ from that of un-reclaimed heaps and was significantly lower than those at sites with deciduous afforestation. Keywords: earthworms; colliery spoil heaps; afforestation Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Earthworm assemblages on afforested colliery spoil heaps as affected by tree species

Earthworm assemblages were analysed at twenty-eight colliery spoil heap sites of similar age located in the Sokolov open-cast coal mining district, north-western Bohemia, Czech Republic. Sites ...

Pižl, Václav
Biologické centrum, 2009

The impact of ungulates on epigeic assemblages of centipedes (Chilopoda) in the Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area - preliminary results
Aurová, Klára
2009 - English
The Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (Czech Republic) represents a unique region covered in a high portion by forest ecosystems. Densities of ungulates in the forests are unusually high. Their impact on ecosystem is important, especially due to the removal and consumption of herbage, trampling of soil and vegetation, and the return of excreta. The aim of field study was to elucidate the impact of ungulates on soil invertebrates represented by centipedes. In this paper the first data about possible impact of ungulates on epigeic assemblage of centipedes are presented. In total, 9 centipede species were recorded. The species .i.Lithobius mutabilis./i. was dominant during the whole observation in all monitored plots. At the beginning of the experiment in 1994, this centipede outweighed other species with 91 %. After 12 years in 2006 the amount of other species arose almost up to 1/4 outside and more than 1/3 inside the fenced plots. Keywords: centipedes; epigeic activity; ungulates Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The impact of ungulates on epigeic assemblages of centipedes (Chilopoda) in the Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area - preliminary results

The Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (Czech Republic) represents a unique region covered in a high portion by forest ecosystems. Densities of ungulates in the forests are ...

Aurová, Klára
Biologické centrum, 2009

Collembola, Protura and Pauropoda in a riparian forest - mesic forest
Rusek, Josef; Reithofer, D.; Schmid, S.; Truxa, Ch.; Weber, J.; Wilde, U.
2009 - English
Communities of soil Collembola, Protura and Pauropoda were studied in a riparian forest - mesic forest ecotone in the Stromovka Park in the inundation zone of the Vltava River in České Budějovice, South Bohemia, Czech Republic. Ten soil samples, each 10 cm.sup.2./sup. and 5 cm deep, were taken on April 3rd, 2000 in each of five parallel rows from the swampy part without water (row I). Row II was 1 m to the east from row I in a dense .i.Pragmites communis./i. uderstory of the .i.Populus canadensis, Quercus robus./i. dominated riparian forest. Row III was 5 m to the east with the same understory composition, and IV was 10 m further to the east with less dense .i.Phragmites./i. understory growth mixed with grasses and .i.Geranium silvaticum./i. and other understory herbs and poplar and oak litter on the soil surface. Row V was 5 m from row IV in a mesic forest with .i.Quercus robur, Betula alba./i. trees and grass with mosses in understory. Keywords: Collembola; Protura; Pauropoda Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Collembola, Protura and Pauropoda in a riparian forest - mesic forest

Communities of soil Collembola, Protura and Pauropoda were studied in a riparian forest - mesic forest ecotone in the Stromovka Park in the inundation zone of the Vltava River in České Budějovice, ...

Rusek, Josef; Reithofer, D.; Schmid, S.; Truxa, Ch.; Weber, J.; Wilde, U.
Biologické centrum, 2009

Changes in centipede assemblages (Chilopoda) along the vertical and vegetation gradient in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland
Wytwer, J.; Tajovský, Karel
2009 - English
Changes in community parameters of the centipede assemblages in habitats with different vegetation along the vertical gradient were studied in the Bieszczady National Park, Poland. Ten stands, from riparian alder forest through eutrophic beech forests to open habitats in subalpine grasslands, within the altitude range 612–1,218 m a.s.l. were sampled. Pitfall trapping and soil sampling were used for the collection of animals since June 2005 till June 2006. In total, 848 specimens of centipedes belonging to 19 species were sampled. Among them, the species .i.Lithobius latro./i. was recorded in Poland for the first time. .i.Lithobius lucifugus, Strigamia transsilvanica, Geophilus insculptus, Schendyla carniolensis./i. were found in this region of Poland for the first time. Specimens of the genus .i.Stenotaenia./i. recorded in the study sites represent a new stenotopic species. Between 7 and 14 species were found in each stand. Keywords: centipedes; vertical gradient; Bieszczady Mts. Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Changes in centipede assemblages (Chilopoda) along the vertical and vegetation gradient in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland

Changes in community parameters of the centipede assemblages in habitats with different vegetation along the vertical gradient were studied in the Bieszczady National Park, Poland. Ten stands, from ...

Wytwer, J.; Tajovský, Karel
Biologické centrum, 2009

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