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Hazardous components: A case study in textile waste management
Shtukaturova, Anastasia
2023 - English
Textile waste, a problem that has been somewhat overlooked for many years, is now coming to the fore.1 The textile value chain is long\nand complex, with over 8000 chemicals used in different manufacturing processes.2 A wide variety of chemicals are used in the manufacture of textile products for the improvement of essential properties and performance of textiles. Chemicals used in textiles significantly improve their quality and appearance. However, the harmful effects of these chemicals can occur at various stages of textile production and processing, such as dyeing, printing and finishing, as well as during use by consumers and at the end-of-life stage.3 There is a lack of safety information on the presence and use of all of these chemicals in consumer products.
Keywords:
textile waste; waste management; chemicals
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Hazardous components: A case study in textile waste management
Textile waste, a problem that has been somewhat overlooked for many years, is now coming to the fore.1 The textile value chain is long\nand complex, with over 8000 chemicals used in different ...
Properties and use of high-temperature biochar
Sedmihradská, Anežka
2023 - English
Despite being a hot topic in environmental research, biochar and its properties have been mainly investigated from the perspectives of feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature. Few studies have explored the effect of particle size on biochar properties.Even when the effect of particle size on crop efficiency is recognized, there is a lack of corresponding data and analysis.2–7 Therefore, we thoroughly analyzed (proximate and ultimate analysis, SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy) four particle size fractions (< 0.5, 0.5–2, 2–5, > 5 mm) of high-temperature biochar from a gasification power plant, the sizes reflecting those of biochar actually used in agriculture. The < 0.5 mm fraction was significantly different in terms of carbon structure, and carbon and ash content. Consequently, pH, electric conductivity and heavy metal content also differed greatly. The corresponding results for the other particle fractions were broadly similar to each other. Interestingly, for all fractions, the porosity and H/C ratio were independent of particle size, meaning that, regardless of size, the investigated biochar fractions are equally stable in soil. The 0.5–2 mm fraction was then selected to be used in different industrial or agricultural processes such as the anaerobic digestion of wastewater or livestock feeding. The effect of biochar on these processes is currently under investigation, providing only initial data so far.
Keywords:
biochar; particle size on biochar; high-temperature biochar
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Properties and use of high-temperature biochar
Despite being a hot topic in environmental research, biochar and its properties have been mainly investigated from the perspectives of feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature. Few studies have ...
Vertical gradients of atmospheric aerosols chemical composition
Kovářík, Jiří
2023 - English
The aim of this work is to obtain data on the chemical composition of aerosols at two heights (4–5 metres above ground and at 230 metres on the atmospheric tower’s measurement platform). The following and sampling techniques will be used: Aerosol Mass\nSpectrometry) – in combination with PMF (Positive Matrix Factorisation), Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor and Particle Into Liquid Sampler coupled with Ion Chromatography.
Keywords:
aerosols; analytical methods; chemical composition
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Vertical gradients of atmospheric aerosols chemical composition
The aim of this work is to obtain data on the chemical composition of aerosols at two heights (4–5 metres above ground and at 230 metres on the atmospheric tower’s measurement platform). The following ...
Liquid mixing time and gas holdup in a bubble column bioreactor
Terentyak, Mark
2023 - English
The aim of the research is the experimental study of homogenisation and saeration in a bubble column in dependence on operational conditions and aspect ratio.
Keywords:
bubble column bioreactor; gas holdup; experiments
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Liquid mixing time and gas holdup in a bubble column bioreactor
The aim of the research is the experimental study of homogenisation and saeration in a bubble column in dependence on operational conditions and aspect ratio.
SUBMIKRONOVÝ AEROSOL NA DVOU MĚSTSKÝCH STANICÍCH V PRAZE
Pokorná, Petra; Zíková, Naděžda; Vodička, Petr; Lhotka, Radek; Ondráček, Jakub; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Ždímal, Vladimír; Hopke, P.
2023 - Czech
Cílem této práce bylo stanovit dynamiku submikronového aerosolu, jeho chemické složení a původ na dvou lokalitách v Praze na základě distribuce velikosti částic (PNSD) a chemického složení 2/12/24h vzorků atmosférického aerosolu (PM1) odebíraných paralelně po dobu půl roku/ve dvou ročních obdobích na dvou městských lokalitách (příměstské - Suchdol a dopravní - Vršovice). Byla provedena chemická analýza PM1 na uhlík (elementární, ekvivalentní černý - eBC a organický) termooptickou metodou a na anorganické ionty rozpustné ve vodě metodou IC. U většiny měsíců byl zjištěn jak početní, tak hmotnostní medián koncentrace založené na údajích SMPS lišily. Vyšší koncentrace eBC byly naměřeny ve Vršovicích, avšak koncentrace eBC vykazovaly dobrou korelaci (r=0,80, yintercept=0) na obou stanicích. Vyšší průměrné hodnoty PM1 na dopravní lokalitě v létě a na příměstské lokalitě v zimě a sezónní rozdíly v iontovém složení PM1 odrážely sezónnost místních zdrojů. Přesto nebyly mezi lokalitami zjištěny statisticky významné rozdíly v koncentraci PM1 a iontovém složení. The aim of this work was to determine the submicron aerosol dynamics, chemical compositions, and origins at two sites in Prague based on the particle number size distribution (PNSD) and chemical composition of 2/12/24h atmospheric aerosol samples (PM1) collected in parallel for half-year/within two seasons at two urban sites (suburban – Suchdol and traffic – Vršovice). Chemical analysis of PM1 for carbon (elemental, equivalent black – eBC and organic) by thermo-optical method and for water-soluble inorganic ions by IC was performed. For most months, both number and mass median \nconcentrations based on the SMPS data differed. Higher eBC concentrations were measured in Vršovice however eBC concentrations showed good correlation (r=0.80, yintercept=0) at the two stations. Higher average PM1 at the traffic site in summer and at the suburban site in winter, and seasonal differences in ionic PM1 composition reflected the seasonality of the local sources. Nevertheless, there were no statistically significant differences in PM1 concentration and ionic composition between the sites.
Keywords:
particle number size distribution; chemical composition; identification sources
Available in a digital repository NRGL
SUBMIKRONOVÝ AEROSOL NA DVOU MĚSTSKÝCH STANICÍCH V PRAZE
Cílem této práce bylo stanovit dynamiku submikronového aerosolu, jeho chemické složení a původ na dvou lokalitách v Praze na základě distribuce velikosti částic (PNSD) a chemického složení 2/12/24h ...
TRACERY ANTROPOGENNÍCH A BIOGENNÍCH ZDROJŮ ORGANICKÉHO AEROSOLU V PM1 FRAKCI NA POZAĎOVÉ STANICI KOŠETICE
Vodička, Petr; Kawamura, K.; Deshmukh, D.K.; Pokorná, Petra; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Ždímal, Vladimír
2023 - Czech
V této studii jsme podrobně zkoumali sezónní změny koncentrace cukrů, dikarboxylových kyselin a jejich oxidačních prekurzorů v jemném aerosolu na venkovském středoevropském pozadí. Cílem studie bylo identifikovat typické stopové prvky pro různé zdroje organického aerosolu a určit jejich podíl na organickém PM1. zjistili jsme zřetelný rozdíl mezi zimním a letním složením aerosolu PM1 na molekulární úrovni. Následně jsme identifikovali dva biogenní faktory (dominantní v létě), dva antropogenní faktory (hlavní příspěvek v zimě) a jeden faktor pozadí.\nPodrobnější informace bylo možné nalézt v publikaci Vodička et. al (2023). In this study, we have examined in detail the seasonal changes in the concentration of sugars, dicarboxylic acids and their oxidation precursors in fine aerosol at a rural Central European background site. The aim of the study was to identify typical tracers for different sources of organic aerosol and to determine their contributions to organic PM1.We found a clear difference between winter and summer PM1 aerosol composition at the molecular level. Subsequently, we identified two biogenic factors (dominant in summer), two anthropogenic factors (major contribution in winter) and one background factor.\nMore details could be found in Vodička et. al (2023).
Keywords:
dicarboxylic acids; carbohydrates; fine aerosol
Available in a digital repository NRGL
TRACERY ANTROPOGENNÍCH A BIOGENNÍCH ZDROJŮ ORGANICKÉHO AEROSOLU V PM1 FRAKCI NA POZAĎOVÉ STANICI KOŠETICE
V této studii jsme podrobně zkoumali sezónní změny koncentrace cukrů, dikarboxylových kyselin a jejich oxidačních prekurzorů v jemném aerosolu na venkovském středoevropském pozadí. Cílem studie bylo ...
CECE 2023. 18th International Interdisciplinary Meeting on Bioanalysis
Foret, František; Lavická, Jana; Přikryl, Jan
2023 - English
This year the Proceedings included abstracts of 27 oral and 33 poster presentations. The attached conference proceedings, edited by highly cited scientists, documents the quality of the meeting. Similarly to the previous years the lectures were given by outstanding, highly cited, scientists. The list of speakers as well as more detailed information about the conference can be found on its permanent web at www.ce-ce.org.
Keywords:
bioanalysis; separation; biotechnology
Fulltext is available at external website.
CECE 2023. 18th International Interdisciplinary Meeting on Bioanalysis
This year the Proceedings included abstracts of 27 oral and 33 poster presentations. The attached conference proceedings, edited by highly cited scientists, documents the quality of the meeting. ...
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTION OF AEROSOL FROM OPEN COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS DURING THE TRADITIONAL “BURNING OF THE WITCHES”
Mbengue, Saliou; Vodička, Petr; Komínková, Kateřina; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Zíková, Naděžda; Vítková, Gabriela; Windell, Laurence Christian; Suchánková, Lenka; Lhotka, Radek; Julaha, Kajal; Prokeš, Roman; Šmejkalová Holubová, A.; Ondráček, Jakub; Ždímal, Vladimír; Holoubek, Ivan
2023 - English
Open biomass burning (OBB) is a major source releasing large quantities of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the atmosphere, with global, regional and local impacts on air quality, public health and climate (Andreae, 2019, Chen et al., 2017). OBB aerosols mainly consist of carbonaceous matter, and a considerable amount of inorganic salts, which present distinctly different optical properties (Chen et al., 2017, Reid et al., 2005). In this study, we investigate the influence of OBB during the traditional Burning of the Witches (BoW), referred to in Czech as “Pálení čarodějnic”, on the physico-chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols collected at the National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice (NAOK). The BoW is a centuries-old pagan tradition very popular in the Czech Republic. Today, it is celebrated during the night from April 30 to May 1 by lighting bonfires made of woodpiles with fake witches.
Keywords:
biomass burning; air pollution; size distribution; atmospheric ageing
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTION OF AEROSOL FROM OPEN COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS DURING THE TRADITIONAL “BURNING OF THE WITCHES”
Open biomass burning (OBB) is a major source releasing large quantities of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the atmosphere, with global, regional and local impacts on air quality, public health ...
PM1 UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: MULTI-ANNUAL AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SIZE DISTIRBUTION OBSERVATION AT PERI-URBAN ATMOSPHERIC SITE ATOLL
Suchánková, Lenka; Bourrianne, E.; De Fillipi, R.; De Brito, J. F.; Riffault, V.; Prokeš, Roman; Holoubek, Ivan; Ždímal, V.; Crumeyrolle, S.
2023 - English
Atmospheric aerosols (AA) belong to short-lived climate forcers with high spatial and temporal variability. Although the radiative effects of AA are greatest on regional scales, changes in aerosol emissions can induce long-term global climate effects (Szopa et al., 2021). Thus, the measurement of aerosol properties is essential for better understanding of aerosol’s impact on health and climate. Although several international projects and platforms have been monitoring AA properties worldwide (GAW, WMO, ACTRIS, EMEP, EUCAARI, etc., Pandolfi et al., 2018), only PM10 or PM2.5 cutoff sizes have been used for measurements, and information about PM1 particles is missing. \nThe aim of this study is to present aerosol scattering properties with supporting data of absorption and particle number size distribution in PM1 in years 2018-2022 at peri-urban atmospheric site “Atmospheric Observations in LiLLE (ATOLL) in Lille, France. This study is the first to present results dedicated to aerosol scattering properties at this site.
Keywords:
pm1; scattering coefficient; nephelometer; fossil fuel and biomass burning contribution; aethalometer; smps
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
PM1 UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: MULTI-ANNUAL AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SIZE DISTIRBUTION OBSERVATION AT PERI-URBAN ATMOSPHERIC SITE ATOLL
Atmospheric aerosols (AA) belong to short-lived climate forcers with high spatial and temporal variability. Although the radiative effects of AA are greatest on regional scales, changes in aerosol ...
Cesty ke spravedlivé transformaci krajiny
Nohlová, Barbora; Sagapová, Nikola; Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana
2023 - Czech
Projekt Just Scapes byl oficiálně spuštěn v roce 2020. Jedná se o konzorcium tří zemí (Velká Británie, Francie a Česká republika), které výzkumně působí ve třech typech krajiny: skotské vysočině, francouzské venkovské krajině jihovýchodních Pyrenejí a české, kulturní krajině jižní a východní Moravy. Projekt se zaměřuje především na mechanismy a procesy spravedlivé transformace a odpovědi na následující otázky, klíčové pro budoucnost: Jak jsou distribuovány dopady změny klimatu? Jak jsou rozděleny dopady a efekt\npolitik v oblasti managementu krajiny a změny klimatu? Výzkum byl založen na přístupu tzv. ,,laboratoří spravedlivé transformace,,(T-labs). Tento přístup je speciálně uzpůsobený k podpoře spolupráce při řešení složitých společenských problémů. Součástí výzkumu byly rovněž rozsáhlé pobyty v terénu a spolupráce s relevantními klíčovými aktéry. Také proběhly četné rozhovory a workshopy. Tento text vznikl na základě dlouhodobé výzkumné spolupráce s klíčovými aktéry spravujícími krajinu v pěti vinařských a zemědělských oblastech jižní a východní Moravy. Výzkum se zaměřil na mechanismy spravedlivé transformace. Pokud stávající stav krajiny vede k její zranitelnosti vůči dopadům klimatické změny, je nutné si položit otázku, jaké změny je potřebné provést, aby se zvýšila její odolnost. A přesně to se prostřednictvím projektu podařilo definovat. The Just Scapes project was officially launched in 2020 and is a consortium of three countries (UK, France and Czech Republic) researching three types of landscape: the Scottish Highlands, the French rural landscape of the south-eastern Pyrenees and the Czech cultural landscape of southern and eastern Moravia. The project focuses primarily on the mechanisms and processes of equitable transformation and answers the following questions, crucial for the future: How are the impacts of climate change distributed? How are impacts and effects distributed?\nof landscape management and climate change policies? The research was based on the approach of the so-called ,,just transformation laboratories,, (T-labs). This approach is specifically tailored to foster collaborative solutions to complex societal problems. The research also included extensive field visits and engagement with relevant key actors. Numerous interviews and workshops were also conducted. This text is the result of a long-term research collaboration with key actors managing the landscape in five wine and agricultural regions of South and East Moravia. The research focused on mechanisms of equitable transformation. If the current state of the landscape leads to its vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, it is necessary to ask what changes are needed to increase its resilience. And this is exactly what the project has succeeded in defining.
Keywords:
just transformation; climate change; adaptation measures; social-ecological systems; environmental justice
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Cesty ke spravedlivé transformaci krajiny
Projekt Just Scapes byl oficiálně spuštěn v roce 2020. Jedná se o konzorcium tří zemí (Velká Británie, Francie a Česká republika), které výzkumně působí ve třech typech krajiny: skotské vysočině, ...
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