Goethova věda o živé přírodě

de Vries, Wiert-Sebastiaan Bavo

Goethe's science of living nature - About the implicit Philosophical basics in the scientific studies of J.W. von Goethe This study explains and elaborates the basic philosophical concepts in Goethe's biological scientific studies. To explain the implicit philosophical concepts of Goethe's biological research, his ideas in the field of botany and zoology are presented. Important concepts like the Urpflanze (the idea of plant) and the Urtier (the idea of animal), and the concepts of the growing process of annual plants as shown in Goethe's the Metamorphosis of Plants (1790) are discussed. Also the method of Goethe's natural science is considered. To understand Goethe's position in the tradition of Western Philosophy and the Natural Sciences, the main steps in their history and development are described. These moments in the history tend to another view on nature than his. Goethe's scientific studies could be seen as an answer to the two questions of the literary figure of Faust (a request for essential knowledge of nature and for a qualitative method of research). Goethe's way of thinking about nature is also closely linked with the classic Greek philosophers. In Goethe's view of nature we can thus see a synthesis of main thoughts of Plato and Aristotle. At the end of the study the fundaments of a...

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