S věkem spojené rozdíly v translaci proteinů v savčích oocytech

del Llano Solanas, Edgar

Female germ cells (also known as oocytes) from mammalian species are found in the ovaries in a state of meiotic arrest at prophase I. It is not until puberty that oocytes start to be selected to grow, overcome their meiotic arrest and ovulate, so they become capable of being fertilized and give rise to new individuals. Half of the genetic information from these new individuals comes directly from the oocyte itself, therefore, oocyte and meiosis quality are of great importance for the reproduction. One of the factors, which can drastically reduce oocyte quality in several mammalian species is the advanced age of females. In both mice and humans age-related poor oocyte quality is reflected by a large increase of chromosomal aneuploidy rates. Having an incorrect number of chromosomes reduces embryo viability and may cause severe clinical outcomes. The work of this thesis was primarily directed towards a better understanding of the causes behind age-related aneuploidy in mice oocytes. One of the most characteristic features of oocytes is the fact that they become transcriptionally silent after meiotic resumption, relying heavily on translational control for protein expression. Here we show that after nuclear envelope break down (NEBD), one of the main protein kinases regulating translational...

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