No (227)
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High night temperature-induced accelerated maturation of rice panicles can be detected by chlorophyll fluorescence
Šebela, David; Quiňones, C.; Olejníčková, Julie; Jagadish, K. S. V.
2015 - English
Rice panicle maturation is considered to be highly sensitive to environmental conditions. Since one of the factors accompanying global climate change is increases in minimum night temperatures more pronounced than those in maximum day temperatures, the effect of high night temperature (HNT) on rice panicle maturation was investigated. Two rice genotypes with contrasting HNT responses, N22 (highly tolerant) and Gharib (susceptible), were exposed to control temperatures (ca 23°C) and HNTs (ca 29°C) from flowering until maturity. Loss of photosynthetic activity and/or pigments during rice panicle maturation were evaluated temporally by measuring (i) effective quantum yield of photosystem II efficiency (ΦII), and (ii) steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence level (FS). To prove the accuracy of the new approach presented in this study, several vegetative indices were calculated from reflectance measurements and correlated with fluorescence parameters. It has been observed that ΦII tracks the accelerated maturation of rice panicles exposed to HNT better than does FS. Employing a newly identified chlorophyll fluorescence-based parameter could potentially enable larger genetic diversity scans and identification of novel genotypes with longer panicle maturation periods so as to increase rice yields directly under field conditions.
Keywords:
temperature; chlorophyll fluorescence
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
High night temperature-induced accelerated maturation of rice panicles can be detected by chlorophyll fluorescence
Rice panicle maturation is considered to be highly sensitive to environmental conditions. Since one of the factors accompanying global climate change is increases in minimum night temperatures more ...
The thermostability of photosystem II photochemistry is related to maintenance of thylakoid membranes organization
Karlický, Václav; Kurasová, I.; Špunda, Vladimír
2015 - English
For higher plant photosynthetic reactions, responses to the temperature changes are important, particularly if we consider global warming and the increasing frequency of extreme temperature fluctuations. High temperature stress decreases photosynthetic assimilation through the inactivation of photosystem II (PSII), the most heat-sensitive component of the oxygen-evolving complex. We have recently found higher thermostability of spruce PSII photochemistry compared to such control plants as Arabidopsis species and barley. In this work, we have therefore attempted to describe the causes of this effect on the level of the organization of pigment–protein complexes (PPCs) in spruce thylakoid membranes using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. We have confirmed higher maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (FV/FM) for spruce needles in comparison to barley leaves. Temperature-dependent CD spectra have also demonstrated higher (by about 6°C) PSII thermostability of chiral macro-organization of PPCs in spruce thylakoid membranes compared to those in barley. However, thermal disruption of PPCs did not reveal significant differences. Our results demonstrate that the stability of PSII macro-organization in different plant species correlates with the thermostability of PSII photochemistry in intact needles/leaves and so effective PSII photochemistry is related to the maintenance of PSII macro-organization under high temperature stress.
Keywords:
membrane; photosystem; photochemistry
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The thermostability of photosystem II photochemistry is related to maintenance of thylakoid membranes organization
For higher plant photosynthetic reactions, responses to the temperature changes are important, particularly if we consider global warming and the increasing frequency of extreme temperature ...
Selection of a new site for eddy covariance research in Vietnam – Vietnamese and CzechGlobe cooperation
Nguyen, Vinh Xuan; Pavelka, Marian; Havránková, Kateřina; Hoang, S.N.; Lai, Q. T.; Dang, S. V.; Tran, T. V.; Ton, M. T.; Truong, C. Q.; Pham, N. H.; Tran, C. T.
2015 - English
A montane evergreen broadleaf forest in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam was selected for a future flux study based on a set of standard selection criteria applied to five protected areas in southern Vietnam. This pristine natural ecosystem within the park is important for its biodiversity conservation, supporting high levels of plant diversity and endemism and representing the Southern Annamites montane rain forests ecoregion. This paper describes general information about the site. Common foggy and calm wind periods can pose a challenge for eddy covariance measurements. Since March 2015, measurement of the horizontal wind regime at the site has begun to provide information on local prevailing wind directions and calm periods to aid in optimizing tower positioning within the site.
Keywords:
eddy covariance research
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Selection of a new site for eddy covariance research in Vietnam – Vietnamese and CzechGlobe cooperation
A montane evergreen broadleaf forest in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam was selected for a future flux study based on a set of standard selection criteria applied to five protected areas in ...
Reliability of regional crop yield predictions in the Czech Republic based on remotely sensed data
Hlavinka, Petr; Semerádová, Daniela; Balek, Jan; Bohovič, Roman; Žalud, Zdeněk; Trnka, Miroslav
2015 - English
Vegetation indices sensed by satellite optical sensors are valuable tools for assessing vegetation conditions including field crops. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of regional yield predictions based on the use of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and the Enhanced Vegetation Index derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aboard the Terra satellite. Data available from the year 2000 were analysed and tested for seasonal yield predictions within selected districts of the Czech Republic. In particular, yields of spring barley, winter wheat, and oilseed winter rape during 2000–2014 were assessed. Observed yields from 14 districts were collected and thus 210 examples (15 years within 14 districts) were included. Selected districts differ considerably in soil fertility and terrain configuration and represent a transect across various agroclimatic conditions (from warm/dry to relatively cool/wet regions). Two approaches were tested: 1) using 16-day temporal composites of remotely sensed data provided by the United States Geological Survey, and 2) using daily remotely sensed data in combination with an originally developed smoothing method. Yields were predicted based on established regression models using remotely sensed data as an independent parameter. In addition to other findings, the impact of severe drought episodes within vegetation was identified and yield reductions at a district level were predicted. As a result, those periods with the best relationship between remotely sensed data and yields were identified. The impact of drought conditions as well as normal or above-normal yields of the tested field crops were predicted using the proposed method within the study region up to 30 days prior to harvest.
Keywords:
crop yield predicitions; Czech Republic; remotely sensed data
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Reliability of regional crop yield predictions in the Czech Republic based on remotely sensed data
Vegetation indices sensed by satellite optical sensors are valuable tools for assessing vegetation conditions including field crops. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of regional ...
Foliar application of zinc reduces the risk of drought stress on poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Škarpa, P.; Richter, R.; Hlavinka, Petr; Trnka, Miroslav
2015 - English
Especially in arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction of plant. Zinc, as one of the essential microelements in crop plant, plays a crucial role in resistance to drought stress. The objective of the vegetation experiment established in 2011-2015 on locality Zaboice was to explore the effect of the foliar zinc application on the yield of poppy in interactions with weather conditions observed years. Effect of zinc foliar application was significantly dependent on the average daily air temperature (r =-0.936). Foliar application of zinc increases production of poppy seed, in the range from 6.9 to 25.5 % and the efficiency of zinc foliar fertilization increases with a widening deficit rainfall calculated as the difference between the precipitation sum and reference evapotranspiration of poppy growing season (r =-0.9072). In general, the results of the present study indicate that usage of zinc foliar application reduces the harmful effects of water deficit stress and increases resistance to drought stress in poppy plant.
Keywords:
grain-yield; boron; cultivars; nutrition; manganese; wheat; soil; poppy; foliar nutrition; zinc; yield; drought; precipitation; evapotranspiration
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Foliar application of zinc reduces the risk of drought stress on poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Especially in arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction of plant. Zinc, as one of the essential microelements in crop plant, plays a crucial role in ...
Orchids of Nepal: phytogeography and economic importance
Timsina, Binu; Rokaya, Maan Bahadur; Kindlmann, Pavel; Munzbergová, Z.
2015 - English
In total, 118 orchid species (25%) are endemic to the Himalayan region and 21 species are endemic to Nepal. Krober’s percentage similarity showed that the EAFR and ICFR have the highest percentage similarity (87%) followed by the MFR and ICFR (62%). In total, 92 species were used for medicinal purposes and 6 as food plants in Nepal. We conclude that Nepal is rich in orchid flora and the highest percentage of orchids originates from the EAFR.
Keywords:
orchids; Nepal; economic importance
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Orchids of Nepal: phytogeography and economic importance
In total, 118 orchid species (25%) are endemic to the Himalayan region and 21 species are endemic to Nepal. Krober’s percentage similarity showed that the EAFR and ICFR have the highest percentage ...
LINCOLN – an algorithm for filtering daily NDVI MODIS data and deriving the start of the season
Bohovič, R.; Hlavinka, Petr; Semerádová, Daniela; Bálek, L.; Tadesse, T.; Hayes, M.; Wardlow, B.; Trnka, Miroslav
2015 - English
Monitoring drought has become an important tool for farmers and agriculture decision makers. This has increased efforts to create a monitoring system using satellite data that could provide an independent and current source of real information on vegetation condition. The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for processing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. A software utility called LINCOLN was developed for this purpose. Its filtering output was further processed to yield a start of the season (SOS) metric. Different settings of the utility were tested and correlated to such phenological ground observations as the emergence of spring barley and the beginning of leaf sheath elongation in winter wheat. There was higher correlation observed in the case of winter wheat, probably due to its weaker dependence on crop sowing date. The matrix of coefficients of determination was applied to determine the optimal settings for the LINCOLN filter. The optimal absolute threshold NDVI value for SOS was set to 4,500.
Keywords:
monitoring system; LINCOLN software; vegetation conditions
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
LINCOLN – an algorithm for filtering daily NDVI MODIS data and deriving the start of the season
Monitoring drought has become an important tool for farmers and agriculture decision makers. This has increased efforts to create a monitoring system using satellite data that could provide an ...
Convergence of morphological, biochemical, and physiological traits of upper and lower canopy of European beech leaves and Norway spruce needles within altitudinal gradients
Rajsnerová, Petra; Klem, Karel; Večeřová, Kristýna; Veselá, Barbora; Surá, Kateřina; Rajsner, Lukáš; Holub, Petr; Urban, Otmar
2015 - English
Climatic variation along altitudinal gradients provides an excellent natural experimental set-up for investigating the possible impacts of climate change on terrestrial organisms and ecosystems. The present work has explored for the first time the acclimation of upper versus lower canopy leaves or needles in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests along an altitudinal gradient. We tested the hypothesis that restrictive climatic conditions associated with high altitudes reduce within-canopy variations of leaf traits. The investigated beech and spruce forests were located on the southern slope of the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains (Czech Republic). All measurements were taken on leaves from the upper and lower parts of the canopy of mature trees (>60 years old) growing at low (400 m a.s.l.), middle (720 m a.s.l.), and high (1,100 m a.s.l.) altitudes. Generally, we observed that with increasing altitude, which is associated with adverse microclimatic conditions, a convergence of CO2 assimilation rate and other physiological, morphological, and biochemical characteristics between the upper and lower canopy occurred. However, differences in altitudinal response among individual traits and species were found. Such plasticity in acclimation of leaves and needles has the potential to cause substantial change in the photosynthesis of individual parts of forest canopies within the vertical profile and their contribution to the overall carbon balance of vegetation.
Keywords:
lower canopy; Norway spruce; altitudinal gradients
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Convergence of morphological, biochemical, and physiological traits of upper and lower canopy of European beech leaves and Norway spruce needles within altitudinal gradients
Climatic variation along altitudinal gradients provides an excellent natural experimental set-up for investigating the possible impacts of climate change on terrestrial organisms and ecosystems. The ...
Surface water temperature modelling to estimate Czech fishery productivity under climate change
Svobodová, Eva; Trnka, Miroslav; Kopp, R.; Mareš, J.; Spurný, P.; Pechar, L.; Beděrková, I.; Dubrovský, M.; Žalud, Zdeněk
2015 - English
Freshwater fish production is significantly correlated with water temperature, which is expected to increase under climate change and affect fish growth, productivity, and survival. This study deals with estimating the change in water temperature in productive ponds and its impact on fishery in the Czech Republic. The target fish species were common carp (Cyprinus carpio), maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena), northern whitefish (Coregonus peled), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). It was hypothesized that there would be an increasing risk of high water temperature stress for fish. Water temperature calculations based on 3-day means of air temperature were tested in several ponds in three major fish production areas. The verified model was applied to the climate change conditions determined by standardized scenarios derived from the five global circulation models MPEH5, CSMK3, IPCM4, GFCM21, and HADGEM. The results for changed climate indicated limitations for Czech fish farming in terms of prolonged periods with fish temperature stress as well as the increased number of stress periods and increased number of days within these periods. It is very likely that Czech fishery will have to change the fish species farmed in particular productive areas. In particular, higher altitudes are likely to become less suitable for the Salmonidae.
Keywords:
water temperature; Czech fishery productivity; climate change
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Surface water temperature modelling to estimate Czech fishery productivity under climate change
Freshwater fish production is significantly correlated with water temperature, which is expected to increase under climate change and affect fish growth, productivity, and survival. This study deals ...
Diurnal changes of monoterpene fluxes in Norway spruce forest
Juráň, Stanislav; Fares, S.; Křůmal, Kamil; Večeřa, Zbyněk; Urban, Otmar
2015 - English
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important components of biosphere–atmosphere exchange. Their emissions depend on various meteorological parameters and stresses. Diurnal fluxes of different monoterpenes were studied within a Norway spruce (Picea abies) mountain forest to investigate their dependence on temperature and global radiation. Fluxes of monoterpenes, the most abundant BVOCs in spruce, were modelled using an inverse Lagrangian transport model, and representative diurnal variation trigged by both temperature and light was observed. This research enables future parametrization and quantification of various factors driving bidirectional fluxes.
Keywords:
diurnal dynamics; Norway spruce
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Diurnal changes of monoterpene fluxes in Norway spruce forest
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important components of biosphere–atmosphere exchange. Their emissions depend on various meteorological parameters and stresses. Diurnal fluxes of ...
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