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Influence of uncertainty in the determination of rheological properties of thickened wastewater sludge on the calculation of the pipeline flow friction loss
Svitavská, K.; Havlík, V.; Hodaň, H.; Matoušek, Václav
2019 - Czech
The paper deals with the rheological properties of wastewater sludge and their influence on the determination of energy requirements of pipeline sludge transport. The paper uses a database of rheological parameters consisting of the results of 67 measurements of various wastewater sludge. At the measured values, the uncertainty in the determination of the rheological parameter values for the sludge of a certain concentration is converted to the uncertainty in the calculation of friction losses in the laminar as well as turbulent flow regime. Different approaches and models are used and compared the in the calculation of friction losses. The uncertainty analysis also includes the uncertainty arising from the use of different predictive approaches and/or computational models.\n Příspěvek se zabývá reologickými vlastnostmi čistírenských kalů a jejich vlivem na určování energetické náročnosti potrubní dopravy kalů. V příspěvku je využita databáze reologických parametrů složená z výsledků 67 měření různých čistírenských kalů. Na naměřených hodnotách je zjištěná nejistota v určení hodnot reologických parametrů pro kal určité koncentrace převedena na vyjádření nejistoty při výpočtu ztrát třením v laminárním, resp. turbulentním režimu proudění. Při výpočtu ztrát třením jsou použity a porovnány různé přístupy a modely, přičemž součástí analýzy nejistot je i nejistota plynoucí z použití různých předpovědních přístupů, resp. výpočtových modelů.
Keywords:
fluid flow; friction losses; non-Newtonian suspensions; rheological properties; wastewater sludge
Fulltext is available at external website.
Influence of uncertainty in the determination of rheological properties of thickened wastewater sludge on the calculation of the pipeline flow friction loss
The paper deals with the rheological properties of wastewater sludge and their influence on the determination of energy requirements of pipeline sludge transport. The paper uses a database of ...
Flow behaviour of sand-water mixture in horizontal and inclined pipes
Vlasák, Pavel; Chára, Zdeněk; Matoušek, Václav; Kesely, Mikoláš; Krupička, Jan; Konfršt, Jiří; Mildner, Michael
2019 - English
Pipelines transporting slurries in different industrial applications often contain inclined sections. The effect of pipe inclination, slurry concentration and mean velocity on the flow behaviour, deposition\nlimit velocity, and internal structure of a settling slurry was studied in an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter D = 100 mm. The slurry consisted from water and a narrow particle size distribution sand of mean diameter d50 = 0.55 mm. The experiments focused on the effects of the pipe inclination on solids distribution and deposition limit velocity. The concentration distribution in pipe cross-section was studied with application of a gamma-ray densitometer. The study revealed the stratified flow pattern of the medium sand-water mixture in inclined pipe sections. Experimental results show that the degree of the slurry stratification decreased with an increasing angle of inclination in the ascending pipe sections. The slurry stratification affected the deposition limit velocity. Mean in situ concentration for the descending flow was always lower than that for the ascending flow. The deposition limit in ascending pipe, in comparison with that in a horizontal pipe, slightly increased up to inclination angle about +25°, and then remained practically constant. For negative pipe inclination over – 30° no deposition limit was observed.
Keywords:
slurry flow; inclined pipe; deposit limit velocity
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Flow behaviour of sand-water mixture in horizontal and inclined pipes
Pipelines transporting slurries in different industrial applications often contain inclined sections. The effect of pipe inclination, slurry concentration and mean velocity on the flow behaviour, ...
Preparation and characterization of fibrous non-woven textile decorated by silver nanoparticles for water filtration
Peer, Petra; Polášková, M.; Mosnáček, J.; Sedlařiková, J.; Masař, M.
2019 - English
The environmentally friendly preparation of silver nanoparticles was proposed for the production of antibacterial non-woven textile used in water filtration. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction of silver nitrate using two environmentally friendly reducing agents, such as fructose or ascorbic acid. For comparison also commonly used reducing agent-sodium borohydride was used. The silver nanoparticles in various size and yield were produced by immersion of the plasma pre-treated polypropylene (PP) nonwoven textile in the colloidal solutions for different periods (35, 45 and 135 min). The morphology of the silver nanoparticles was characterized by SEM and EDX analysis. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the silver decorated PP non-woven textile was evaluated by an agar diffusion test using both Gram-positive Staphylococcus Aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The results suggest that the type of the reducing agent has major effect both on the morphology of silver nanoparticles and the antibacterial activity.
Keywords:
silver nanoparticles; reducing agent; non-woven textile; antibacterial activity
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Preparation and characterization of fibrous non-woven textile decorated by silver nanoparticles for water filtration
The environmentally friendly preparation of silver nanoparticles was proposed for the production of antibacterial non-woven textile used in water filtration. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by ...
Encapsulation of active agents into natural polymers
Sedlaříková, J.; Krejčí, J.; Krhovská, D.; Peer, Petra
2019 - Czech
Recently encapsulation has been intensively investigated to achieve a better absorbability and prolong efficiency of active agents. The aim of this work was to prepare the systems based on natural polymers zein and chitosan with active substances and observe the effect of individual components on the resultant physical and chemical properties of the encapsulation Problematika enkapsulace je v posledních letech intenzivně studována za účelem docílení lepší vstřebatelnosti a prodloužení účinnosti aktivních látek. Podstatou práce bylo připravit směsi na bázi přírodních polymerů zeinu a chitosanu s aktivními látkami a sledovat vliv zastoupení jednotlivých složek na výsledné fyzikálně-chemické vlastnosti enkapsulační činnosti.
Keywords:
encapsulation efficiency; zein; chitosan; active agents; thymol
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Encapsulation of active agents into natural polymers
Recently encapsulation has been intensively investigated to achieve a better absorbability and prolong efficiency of active agents. The aim of this work was to prepare the systems based on natural ...
Velocity profile measurements over deposit payer in the slurry pipe
Chára, Zdeněk
2019 - Czech
The paper deals with the measurement of velocity profiles above the deposit layer during the flow of solid particles in the pipeline. Optical PIV method using high speed NanoSense camera was used for the measurements. Článek se zabývá měřením rychlostních profilů nad depozitní vrstvou při proudění suspenze pevných částic v potrubí. K měření byla použita optická metoda PIV s využitím vysokorychlostní kamery NanoSense.
Keywords:
PIV; suspension flow; granular temperature
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Velocity profile measurements over deposit payer in the slurry pipe
The paper deals with the measurement of velocity profiles above the deposit layer during the flow of solid particles in the pipeline. Optical PIV method using high speed NanoSense camera was used for ...
Effect of pipe inclination on local concentration and flow behaviour of settling slurry
Vlasák, Pavel; Chára, Zdeněk; Matoušek, Václav; Kesely, Mikoláš; Konfršt, Jiří; Mildner, Michael
2019 - English
Settling slurry, consisted from narrow-graded sand of mean particle diameter 0.87 mm and water, was investigated on an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter 100 mm. The investigation was focused on the effect of the pipe inclination, slurry concentration, and velocity on concentration distribution, and deposition limit. The settling slurries tend to stratify, a layered structure is typical for a settling slurry flow. Slurry stratification is sensitive to pipe inclination, and differs for the positive and negative pipe inclination. Deposition limit increases with pipe inclination up to about 25°, and then remain nearly constant.
Keywords:
sand-water slurry; pipe inclination; concentration distribution; deposition limit
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Effect of pipe inclination on local concentration and flow behaviour of settling slurry
Settling slurry, consisted from narrow-graded sand of mean particle diameter 0.87 mm and water, was investigated on an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter 100 mm. The investigation was focused on ...
Usage of meteorological data in hydrological modelling (case study in upper Vydra catchment)
Vlček, Lukáš; Šípek, Václav
2019 - Czech
This paper deals with an evaluation of runoff formation at a small catchment (0.6 km2) consisting of two dominant soil types of the Vydra headwaters. Several Hydro-meteorological parameters have been measured at the study catchment and used in a hydrological model in an effort to estimate a proportion of surface or subsurface flow components and their effects on the outflow process. Chosen hydrological model showed that a greater proportion of an outflow from the catchment is generated, in general, from a peat bog area, mainly due to the lower evapotranspiration from the peatland compared to the mineral soil. On the contrary, during dry periods most of the outflow comes from a mineral soil and a peat bog contributes only to the outflow from the lower, permanently saturated layer. Příspěvek se zabývá hodnocením malého výzkumného povodí tvořeným dvěma dominantními půdními typy (kryptopodzol, organozem) pramenné oblasti Vydry. Hydrometeorologická a hydropedologická měření jsou doplněná hydrologickým modelem HBV ve snaze odhadnout míru zapojení různých složek povrchového a podpovrchového proudění vody a jejich vliv na odtokový proces. Data byla získána přímým měřením v terénu v průběhu 5-ti hydrologických let (2013-2017). Jde o data půdní vlhkosti odvozené z ret. křivek a z měření potenciálu půdní vody ve dvou hloubkách (20 a 60 cm) na dvou lokalitách, hladiny podzemní vody na 5 místech ve vrchovišti. Vodní stav byl měřen automaticky v závěrovém profilu a také manuálně u dvou pramenů.\nPomocí hydrologického modelu došlo k uspokojivé reprezentaci srážko-odtokového procesu v povodí, režimu půdní vody i kolísání podzemní vody ve svrchní části vrchoviště (organozemi). Celkově je větší množství odtoku z povodí generováno z organozemi a to zejména díky nižší evapotranspiraci rašeliniště oproti ploše kryté kryptopodzolem. V suchých periodách naopak většina odtoku pochází z organominerální půdy (v této studii kryptopodzol) a organozem se na odtoku podílí jen pomalým výtokem ze spodní, dlouhodobě nasycené zóny (část katotelmu).\n
Keywords:
runoff generation; peat bog; soil; Šumava mountains
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Usage of meteorological data in hydrological modelling (case study in upper Vydra catchment)
This paper deals with an evaluation of runoff formation at a small catchment (0.6 km2) consisting of two dominant soil types of the Vydra headwaters. Several Hydro-meteorological parameters have been ...
Local velocity scaling in upward flow to tooth impeller in a fully turbulent region
Šulc, R.; Ditl, P.; Fořt, I.; Jašíková, D.; Kotek, M.; Kopecký, V.; Kysela, Bohuš
2018 - English
The hydrodynamics and flow field were measured in an agitated vessel using 2-D Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (2-D TR PIV). The experiments were carried out in a fully baffled cylindrical flat bottom vessel 400 mm in inner diameter agitated by a tooth impeller 133 mm in diameter. Distilled water was used as the agitated liquid. The velocity fields were investigated in the upward flow to the impeller for three impeller rotation speeds – 300 rpm, 500 rpm and 700 rpm, corresponding to a Reynolds number in the range 94 000 < Re < 221 000. This means that fully-developed turbulent flow was reached. This Re range secures the fully-developed turbulent flow in an agitated liquid. In accordance with the theory of mixing, the dimensionless mean and fluctuation velocities in the measured directions were found to be constant and independent of the impeller Reynolds number. On the basis of the test results the spatial distributions of dimensionless velocities were calculated. The axial turbulence intensity was found to be in the majority in the range from 0.4 to 0.7, which corresponds to the middle level of turbulence intensity.
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Local velocity scaling in upward flow to tooth impeller in a fully turbulent region
The hydrodynamics and flow field were measured in an agitated vessel using 2-D Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (2-D TR PIV). The experiments were carried out in a fully baffled cylindrical ...
Microplastics in Drinking Water
Čermáková, Lenka; Novotná, Kateřina; Peer, Petra; Janda, V.; Pivokonský, Martin
2018 - Czech
The research was focused on microplastics occurring in water sources and in drinking water. Recently, the topic of microplastics in water is very up to date. However, most of the studies are focused on quantification of microplastics in sea water, sediments or surface waters, which are not a source of raw water for drinking water treatment, and at the same time the most of studies deal with the analysis of particles in the size range of 0.3 - 5 mm. The subject of the present study was to quantify microplastics from 0.2 μm in raw and treated water from three unnamed water treatment plants in the Czech Republic and to determine their size distribution, shape and material composition. It has been found that the number of microplastics ranged from 1414-7006 L-1 particles in raw water and 305-921 L-1 particles in treated water. Microplastics smaller than 10 μm were the most plentiful in both raw and treated water samples. Fragments clearly prevailed at two of the water treatment plants and fibres together with fragments predominated at one case. Výzkum byl zaměřen na výskyt mikroplastů ve zdrojích vody a v samotné pitné vodě. V poslední době je téma výskytu plastů ve vodě velice aktuální. Většina prací je včak zaměřena na kvantifikaci mikroplastů ve vodě mořské, sedimentech či povrchových vodách, které nejsou zdrojem surové vody pro úpravu na vodu pitnou, a zároveň se téměř vždy zabývají analýzou částic ve velikostním rozmezí 0,3-5 mm. Předmětem předkládané studie bylo kvantifikovat mikroplasty již od velikosti 0,2 μm, a to v surové a upravené vodě ze třech nejmenovaných úpraven vody v České republice, určit jejich velikostní distribuci, tvar a materiálové složení. Bylo zjištěno, že v závislosti na zdroji vody a technologii dané úpravny se počet mikroplastů pohyboval v rozmezí 1414-7006 částic I-1 v surové vodě a 305-921 částic I-1 ve vodě upravené. Velikostně dominovaly částice menší než 10 μm a tvarově ve dvou zdrojích fragmenty a v jednom zdroji vlákna. Z hlediska materiálového složení analyzovaných mikroplastů převládal poyethylentereftalát a polypropylén.
Keywords:
microplastics; drinking water; water treatment; raw water
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Microplastics in Drinking Water
The research was focused on microplastics occurring in water sources and in drinking water. Recently, the topic of microplastics in water is very up to date. However, most of the studies are focused ...
Droplets breakage in flow conditions of an agitated tank
Kysela, Bohuš; Konfršt, Jiří; Chára, Zdeněk; Šulc, R.; Kotek, M.
2018 - English
Production of two immiscible liquid dispersions used in chemical or metallurgical industry is usually performed by a mixing process. The droplets of secondary liquid are predominantly dispersed by the shear flow forces to the primary liquid. It is well known, that the real droplet size distribution is limited by the physical properties of both liquids, the acting forces and residence time. This phenomenon is investigated experimentally or numerically simulated by several methods. In this study, the simplified mixing test case was studied. The single droplet dispergation was simulated using finite volume method and multiphase VOF (Volume-of-Fluid) model. The capability of the local remeshing method was investigated. The increase of calculation performance and the phases mass imbalance during automatic mesh refinement is summarized.
Keywords:
immiscible liquid dispersion; mixing process; droplet size distribution
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Droplets breakage in flow conditions of an agitated tank
Production of two immiscible liquid dispersions used in chemical or metallurgical industry is usually performed by a mixing process. The droplets of secondary liquid are predominantly dispersed by the ...
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