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Application of genetic algorithms for optimisation of agricultural machinery operation in precision farming systems
BUMBÁLEK, Roman
2024 - Czech
Metaheuristic methods, inspired by physical, biological, chemical, semantic and social phenomena, are used to optimise problems with a large number of possible solutions in a wide range of fields, including agriculture, with a significant part of evolutionary computation, of which genetic algorithms are mainly used for precision agriculture. This paper deals with their implementation in the context of the problem of planning the routes of agricultural machines with the aim of reducing the length of the trajectory of movement both on the headlands and in the inner part of the plot. The developed algorithm consists of several parts, where first the coordinates of the partial routes are calculated and then genetic algorithms are applied to optimise the rotation of the im-plements on the headlands through a suitable combination of their passes with respect to the input parameters, including the turning radius and the tool sweep. The quality of the results obtained is influenced by many factors, such as the size of the population, the number of generations or the type of selection chosen, with better solutions being generated as the number of chromosomes in the population and generations increases, allowing a reduction of more than 37 % in the distance travelled when turning on he-adlands, which can directly translate into savings in working time, fuel and reduced soil compaction. Metaheuristické metody, inspirované fyzikálními, biologickými, chemickými, séman-tickými i sociálními jevy, jsou aplikovány pro optimalizaci úloh s rozsáhlou množinou možných řešení v širokém spektru oborů včetně zemědělství, přičemž významnou část tvoří evoluční výpočty, z nichž jsou pro potřeby precizního zemědělství využívány především genetické algoritmy. Tato práce se zabývá jejich implementací v rámci pro-blematiky plánování tras pojezdu zemědělské techniky s cílem snížení délky trajekto-rie pohybu na souvratích i ve vnitřní části pozemku. Vytvořený algoritmus se skládá z několika částí, kdy nejprve dochází k výpočtu souřadnic dílčích tras a následně apli-kací genetických algoritmů k optimalizaci otáčení souprav na souvratích vhodnou kombinací jejich průjezdů s ohledem na vstupní parametry zahrnující poloměr otáčení a záběr nástroje. Kvalitu získaných výsledků ovlivňuje mnoho parametrů použitého genetického algoritmu, jako je velikost populace, počet generací či zvolený typ se-lekce, kdy se zvyšujícím se množstvím chromozomů v populaci i generací dochází k vygenerování lepších řešení, umožňujících zkrácení vzdálenosti pojezdu při otáčení na souvratích o více než 37 %, což může přímo vést k úsporám pracovního času, po-honných hmot a nižšímu zhutnění půdy.
Keywords:
genetické algoritmy; metaheuristické metody; plánování pojezdových tras; optimalizace trajektorie pohybu; otáčení zemědělských strojů na souvratích; Genetic algorithms; metaheuristic methods; route planning; trajectory op-timisation; headland turning of agricultural machine
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Application of genetic algorithms for optimisation of agricultural machinery operation in precision farming systems
Metaheuristic methods, inspired by physical, biological, chemical, semantic and social phenomena, are used to optimise problems with a large number of possible solutions in a wide range of fields, ...
Anthropogenic impact on early-life stages of rheophilic fish
BARTOŇ, Daniel
2024 - English
This study focuses on the problems faced by the early-life stages of fish living in a river influenced by reservoirs and suggests possible solutions to enhance recruitment. The model fish for the study is the asp (Leuciscus aspius), known for its significant and protected population in the Želivka Reservoir, from where it migrates for reproduction to the tributary of Želivka River. The asp migrates upstream in spring to spawn in shallow, fast-flowing waters. At a research site, the adult population of asp is monitored using passive telemetry. Fish are caught, tagged, and released back into the reservoir. The asp population faces threats due to hydropeaking and river fragmentation. Hydropeaking causes egg detachment from the pebbles and their sedimentation in the reservoir. The study suggests that water should not exceed a velocity of 0.7 m×s-1 at the spawning ground. Periodically increasing discharge also shifts spawning fish outside their preferred spawning site, causing disruption of spawning and potentially lowering recruitment. A flowdeflector was built to protect newly spawned eggs from hydropeaking. However, there are additional threats to the asp recruitment process such as egg consumption by non-indigenous fish like common bream (Abramis brama). Water flow conditions are crucial for the conservation of rheophilic fish, as these fish, aside from habitat loss and modification, also face newly interacting generalist fish species moving from lentic to lotic sections of the system. Fish communities can be affected by reservoir construction far upstream, and these anthropogenic habitat alterations have severe negative impacts on threatened rheophilic fish recruitment. This study focuses on the problems faced by the early-life stages of fish living in a river influenced by reservoirs and suggests possible solutions to enhance recruitment. The model fish for the study is the asp (Leuciscus aspius), known for its significant and protected population in the Želivka Reservoir, from where it migrates for reproduction to the tributary of Želivka River. The asp migrates upstream in spring to spawn in shallow, fast-flowing waters. At a research site, the adult population of asp is monitored using passive telemetry. Fish are caught, tagged, and released back into the reservoir. The asp population faces threats due to hydropeaking and river fragmentation. Hydropeaking causes egg detachment from the pebbles and their sedimentation in the reservoir. The study suggests that water should not exceed a velocity of 0.7 m×s-1 at the spawning ground. Periodically increasing discharge also shifts spawning fish outside their preferred spawning site, causing disruption of spawning and potentially lowering recruitment. A flowdeflector was built to protect newly spawned eggs from hydropeaking. However, there are additional threats to the asp recruitment process such as egg consumption by non-indigenous fish like common bream (Abramis brama). Water flow conditions are crucial for the conservation of rheophilic fish, as these fish, aside from habitat loss and modification, also face newly interacting generalist fish species moving from lentic to lotic sections of the system. Fish communities can be affected by reservoir construction far upstream, and these anthropogenic habitat alterations have severe negative impacts on threatened rheophilic fish recruitment.
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Anthropogenic impact on early-life stages of rheophilic fish
This study focuses on the problems faced by the early-life stages of fish living in a river influenced by reservoirs and suggests possible solutions to enhance recruitment. The model fish for the ...
A novel structurally characterized haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase from Thermococcus thioreducens with diverse substrate specificity
HAVLÍČKOVÁ, Petra
2024 - English
This RNDr. thesis is focused on complex studies of a haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase member with an unknown substrate specificity, isolated from a hyperthermofilic archeon Thermococcus thioreducens. The HAD phosphatase, internally named as Tt82, was isolated, expressed and purified using standard techniques and the crystal structure was solved by X-ray crystallography method. The refined crystal structure displayed characteristic HAD superfamily elements, such as the HAD canonical fold with the HAD signature motifs in the active site. Further, possible substrates for the enzyme were proposed and examined by computational docking in the active site of the HAD phosphatase. The results of the docking studies served as a basis for an experimental measurement of Tt82 enzymatic activity against selected substrates at two different temperatures. HAD phosphatase Tt82 is a promising target for the biotechnological field, mainly for its wide substrate specificity and higher temperature optima.
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
A novel structurally characterized haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase from Thermococcus thioreducens with diverse substrate specificity
This RNDr. thesis is focused on complex studies of a haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase member with an unknown substrate specificity, isolated from a hyperthermofilic archeon Thermococcus ...
Functional Ultrastructure of Hymenopteran Stingers: Devastating Spear or Delicate Syringe
ČERNÝ, Jan
2024 - English
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a micro-serrated edge on the honey bee Apis mellifera stinger tip serves as a tool for more intensive crushing of cell membranes in the victim's tissues. This could have mechanical consequences as well as initiate metabolic pathways linked to cell membrane breakdown (e.g., production of biogenic amines). Accordingly, we found that hymenopteran species that use their stingers as an offensive or defensive weapon to do as much damage to the victim's body as possible had this cuticular microstructure. In parasitic hymenopterans, on the other hand, this structure was missing, as stingers are solely used to delicately transport venom to the victim's body in order to do little mechanical harm. We also demonstrated that the stinger lancets of the honey bee A. mellifera are living organs with sensilla innervated by sensory neurons and containing other essential tissues, rather than mere cuticular structures.
Keywords:
bee; Hymenoptera; nerve; SEM; sensilla; stinger microstructure; TEM; ultrastructure
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Functional Ultrastructure of Hymenopteran Stingers: Devastating Spear or Delicate Syringe
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a micro-serrated edge on the honey bee Apis mellifera stinger tip serves as a tool for more intensive crushing of cell membranes in the victim's tissues. ...
Functional characterization of the insulin signaling pathway in the hard tick Ixodes ricinus
KOZELKOVÁ, Tereza
2024 - English
In this thesis, the molecular and functional characterization of the insulin receptor signaling pathway (ISP) in hard tick Ixodes ricinus was characterized. As obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasites, ticks play a crucial role in the transmission of various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which has a significant impact on human and animal health. The parasite is strictly bonded with its host through a unidirectional transmission of nutrition for its survival, development, and reproduction. The ISP, a highly conserved system, regulates numerous physiological and anabolic processes to nutritional availability. This study aims to investigate the functionality of key components of the ISP pathway identified in the midgut transcriptome, namely the insulin receptor (IrInR), the protein kinase B called AKT (IrAKT), and the target of rapamycin (IrTOR). To achieve this goal, the expression profiles of these components in tick tissues during feeding and after detachment were investigated using qRT-PCR. Additionally, RNAi silencing of individual components was performed, and the phenotype of the ticks was observed. To further clarify the effects of ISP, immunization of rabbits with recombinant IrInR protein and tick infestation were investigated.
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Functional characterization of the insulin signaling pathway in the hard tick Ixodes ricinus
In this thesis, the molecular and functional characterization of the insulin receptor signaling pathway (ISP) in hard tick Ixodes ricinus was characterized. As obligatory blood-feeding ...
Importance of environmental elements (water environment and greenery) in urbanized areas of the Czech Republic
HAVRÁNKOVÁ, Lucie
2024 - Czech
The aim of the dissertation is to provide an analytical comparison of the effectiveness of using of the environmental potential of watercourses and greenery in urbanized areas/cities of the Czech Republic (ČR). The work is divided into a part of physical-geographical and sociological assessment and research. The physical-geographical analysis will provide the results of watercourse use in the city using the Urban River Sustainability Index (URSI) and watercourse availability analysis. In the area of eva-luation of cities in terms of greenery, the results are obtained through the calculation of the Indicator of the General Quality of Greenery in Cities (IOKZM) based on the Coefficient of Ecological Stability (KES) and the evaluation of the share of greenery in cities. Sociological research provides the user's opinion on the positive environmental contribution of the watercourse in specific urbanized areas, based on the results of quantitative and qualitative research. This section is statistically evaluated using logistic regression (LR) and multivariate correspondence analysis (CA). The overall results of the work create an overal image of the importance of environmental elements (water environment and greenery) in urbanized areas of the Czech Republic. They draw attention to the current state of Czech cities and suggest possible improving solutions not only for their changing climatic situation. Cílem disertační práce je nabídnout analytické srovnání efektivnosti využívání environmetálního potenciálu vodního toku a zeleně v urbanizovaných oblastech/městech České republiky (ČR). Práce je rozdělena na část fyzickogeografického a sociologického hodnocení a výzkumu. Fyzickogeografická analýza poskytne výsledky průzkumu využívání vodních toků ve městě pomocí Indexu udržitelnosti městských řek (URSI) a analýzy dostupnosti vodních toků. V oblasti hodnocení měst z hlediska zeleně jsou výsledky získávány prostřednictvím výpočtu Indikátoru obecné kvality zeleně ve městech (IOKZM) na základě Koeficientu ekologické stability (KES) a hodnocení podílu zeleně ve městech. Sociologický výzkum poskytuje názor uživatelů na pozitivní environmentální přínos vodního toku v konkrétních urbanizovaných oblastech, a to na základě výsledků kvantitativního a kvalitativního výzkumu. Tato část je statisticky vyhodnocena pomocí logistické regrese (LR) a mnohorozměrné korespondenční analýzy (CA). Souhrnné výsledky práce přinášejí celkový obraz významu environmentálních prvků (vodního prostředí a zeleně) v urbanizovaných oblastech ČR. Dále upozorňují na aktuální stav českých měst a nabízejí možná zlepšující řešení nejen pro jejich měnící se klimatickou situaci.
Keywords:
urbanizovaná oblast; nábřeží; vodní tok; zeleň; urbanized area; waterfront; watercourse; greenery
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Importance of environmental elements (water environment and greenery) in urbanized areas of the Czech Republic
The aim of the dissertation is to provide an analytical comparison of the effectiveness of using of the environmental potential of watercourses and greenery in urbanized areas/cities of the Czech ...
Images of femininity in women's art products
NOVOTNÁ, Silvie
2024 - Czech
The bachelor thesis deals with the representation of images of femininity in its various aspects in artefacts of women. The Theoretical part focuses on theoretical background and relies mainly on feminist approaches in psychotherapy and art therapy. The Theoretical part establishes the themes that are pursued in the research part in the respondents' artworks. The analysis of the artefacts is carried out in accordance with the procedures of the projective-interventionist approach in art therapy with a substantial involvement of feminist perspectives in the interpretative procedures. Bakalářská práce se zabývá ztvárněním obrazů ženství v jeho různých aspektech ve výtvarných artefaktech žen. Teoretická část se zaměřuje na teoretická východiska a opírá se především o feministické přístupy v psychoterapii a arteterapii. Teoretická část stanovuje témata, která jsou sledována ve výzkumné části ve výtvarných pracích respondentek. Analýza artefaktů je provedena v souladu s postupy projektivně-intervenčního přístupu v arteterapii s podstatným zapojením feministické perspektivy do interpretačních postupů.
Keywords:
arteterapie; feminismus; žena; mateřství; sexualita; body image; stárnutí; art therapy; feminism; woman; motherhood; sexuality; body image; aging
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Images of femininity in women's art products
The bachelor thesis deals with the representation of images of femininity in its various aspects in artefacts of women. The Theoretical part focuses on theoretical background and relies mainly on ...
Art therapy with children-foreigners living in the Czech environment
LACINOVÁ, Petra
2024 - Czech
The bachelor thesis deals with the art therapy support of children-foreigners during their adaptation period in the Czech Republic after resettlement from their country of origin. Specifically, it presents the experience of group art therapy with Ukrainian refugee children arriving in the Czech Republic after the Russian army invaded their homeland in February 2022. The theoretical part describes the circumstances and changes of the immigration situation in the Czech Republic due to the influx of refugees from Ukraine, the legislation applicable to foreign children living in the Czech Republic and the ways of supporting children with a different mother tongue in the Czech education system. One subchapter is devoted to the cultural and historical context of Ukraine, which is essential for the overall understanding of the political and social situation, as it contributes to the formation of the identity of Ukrainian children. The second chapter deals with the usual psychological themes of newly arrived children from another country. The practical part describes the course and focus of art therapy sessions for Ukrainian children, presents four case studies supported by children's artwork and defines the specifics of art therapy work with the chosen target group. Bakalářská práce se zabývá arteterapeutickou podporou dětí-cizinců během jejich adaptačního období v České republice po přesídlení z původní země. Konkrétně předkládá zkušenosti ze skupinové arteterapie s dětskými ukrajinskými uprchlíky přicházejícími do České republiky po napadení jejich vlasti ruskou armádou v únoru 2022. V teoretické části jsou popsané okolnosti a proměny imigrační situace v České republice vlivem přílivu uprchlíků z Ukrajiny, legislativa vztahující se na děti-cizince žijící v České republice a způsoby podpory dětí s odlišným mateřským jazykem v českém vzdělávacím systému. Jedna podkapitola je věnována kulturně-historickému kontextu Ukrajiny, který je podstatný pro celkové pochopení politické a společenské situace, neboť se podílí na utváření identity ukrajinských dětí. Druhá kapitola se zabývá obvyklými psychologickými tématy nově příchozích dětí z jiné země. Praktická část popisuje průběh a zaměření arteterapeutických setkání pro ukrajinské děti, předkládá čtyři kazuistické studie podložené výtvarnou tvorbou dětí a definuje specifika arteterapeutické práce se zvolenou cílovou skupinou.
Keywords:
arteterapie; děti; cizinci; uprchlíci; Ukrajina; art therapy; children; foreigners; refugees; Ukraine
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Art therapy with children-foreigners living in the Czech environment
The bachelor thesis deals with the art therapy support of children-foreigners during their adaptation period in the Czech Republic after resettlement from their country of origin. Specifically, it ...
Land art techniques in art therapy
KAMARÝTOVÁ, Anna
2024 - Czech
The bachelor thesis focuses on the potential of using land art strategies in art therapy. The theoretical part covers the history of land art, analyzes its creative principles, and explores its possible therapeutic applications. Practical examples are also presented. The practical part describes the experiences of workshop participants who created and reflected on their works inspired by land art. The practical part also deals with the interpretation possibilities of such land art works. Tato bakalářská práce zkoumá potenciál využití land artových uměleckých strategií v arteterapii. V teoretické části se zabývá historií land artu. Dále rozebírá jednotlivé tvůrčí principy land artu a jejich možné terapeutické využití. Jsou zde uvedeny také příklady z praxe. V praktické části jsou popsány zkušenosti z workshopu, během nějž respondenti tvořili a reflektovali díla inspirovaná land artem. Praktická část se zabývá také interpretačními možnostmi land artového díla.
Keywords:
land art; arteterapie; psychoterapie; příroda; přírodní terapie; eko terapie; eko arteterapie; land art; art therapy; psychotherapy; nature; nature therapy; eco therapy; eco art therapy
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Land art techniques in art therapy
The bachelor thesis focuses on the potential of using land art strategies in art therapy. The theoretical part covers the history of land art, analyzes its creative principles, and explores its ...
Využití únikových her ve výuce zeměpisu na 2. stupni ZŠ
CACKOVÁ, Ivana
2024 - Czech
The diploma thesis deals with the potential use of Escape Games in Teaching Geography at lower secondary school. The main aim of the diploma theses is the creation of three educational activities using the method of Escape Game. The presented thesis consists of two parts, the theoretical part and the practical part based on it. The goal of theoretical part is to define Escape game as a kind of didactical game and its potential uses in teaching, especially in teaching Geography at lower secondary school. This part also gives attention to general information about the Escape Game (such as its history, its kinds etc.) The practical part contains the three created activities using the method of Escape Game and other methods (for example questing, geocaching, QR codes and the method of BYOD), its methodology, realisation and the following reflexion. Diplomová práce se zabývá možností využití únikové hry ve výuce zeměpisu na 2. stupni ZŠ. Hlavním cílem práce je vytvoření tří výukových aktivit využívajících metodu únikové hry. Předkládaná práce je tvořena dvěma částmi, části teoretické a z ní vycházející části praktické. Teoretická část má za úkol vymezit únikovou hru jako formu didaktické hry a možnosti jejího využití ve výuce, zvláště pak ve výuce zeměpisu na 2. stupni ZŠ. Tato část věnuje pozornost také obecným informacím týkajících se únikové hry (jako je historie, druhy únikových her aj.). Praktická část obsahuje tři vytvořené aktivity využívající metodu únikové hry a jiných metod (např. questing, geocaching, QR kódy a metodu BYOD), jejich metodiku, realizaci a následnou reflexi.
Keywords:
úniková hra; výuka zeměpisu; výukové aktivity; gamifikace; escape game/ escape room; teaching geography; educational activities; gamification
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Využití únikových her ve výuce zeměpisu na 2. stupni ZŠ
The diploma thesis deals with the potential use of Escape Games in Teaching Geography at lower secondary school. The main aim of the diploma theses is the creation of three educational activities ...
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