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Czech Ethnography in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. At the Crossroads of Slavic Studies, Regionalism and Heimatschutzbewegung - an Attempt at an Insight into a Seldom Researched Topic
Ducháček, Milan
2021 - anglický
The aim of this contribution is to map the dilemmas that Czech ethnographers were facing in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. With the end of the Czech-Slovak consensus on co-existence in a common, unitary state, the étatist, and later defensive ethos of Czechoslovak ethnography of the 1930s lost its foundation and argumentation basis. Similarly, too, after the Munich Agreement 1938 and quite definitively after the Nazi occupation, the notions of unity, purity and distinctive character of the ‘Slavic’ culture of ‘Czechoslovak state nation’ faced its ideological and methodological limitations. The present study emphasizes the continuity of problems that plagued the interwar Czechoslovak ethnography, including understaffing of Czechoslovak ethnography due to limitations of university policy at Czechoslovak universities in Prague, Brno and Bratislava. The article presents an analysis of institutional and academic foundation of ethnography after the closing of Czech universities on 17 November 1939. It describes both the conceptual and personnel continuity of care for regional cultural heritage in the 1930s. It also touches upon the ambivalent nature of documentary activities of the Ethnographic Commission of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts. Alongside with the orientation on general anthropology, including its racial aspects, the activities of Czech ethnographers during the occupation tended to focus on documentation of vernacular architecture. In this regard they also joined forces with architects and urban planners on projects that linked the idea of modernization of the countryside with efforts aimed at preserving its ‘traditional’ character in the spirit of the German Heimatschutzbewegung. This direction, as well as other impulses and motifs from the Protectorate era, were then further developed in the ethnographic ‘revival’ of the second half of the 1940s, which - paradoxically enough - resonated both with ‘new Slavic policy’ after 1945 and, to some extent, even with the subsequent Sovietization of the field.
Klíčová slova:
ethnography; Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Czech Ethnography in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. At the Crossroads of Slavic Studies, Regionalism and Heimatschutzbewegung - an Attempt at an Insight into a Seldom Researched Topic
The aim of this contribution is to map the dilemmas that Czech ethnographers were facing in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. With the end of the Czech-Slovak consensus on co-existence in a ...
Physicians for the Reich? The Czech Physicians as a Professional Group between Germanization and Engagement in Germany, 1940–1944
Novák, M.; Šimůnek, Michal V.
2021 - anglický
This chapter offers an overview of the German strategies towards the Czech medical community after the closure of the Czech universities in November 1939 and in the context of the total war. It delivers calculation of the numbers of physicians needed for running the public health administration etc.
Klíčová slova:
national socialism; history of science; WW2
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Physicians for the Reich? The Czech Physicians as a Professional Group between Germanization and Engagement in Germany, 1940–1944
This chapter offers an overview of the German strategies towards the Czech medical community after the closure of the Czech universities in November 1939 and in the context of the total war. It ...
“Play What I Sing”: Economic Potential of the Bearers of Music Tradition in the Cultural Memory of the Czech Lands
Uhlíková, Lucie; Pavlicová, M.
2021 - anglický
The economic conditions of folk musicians or their remuneration have been mentioned rather inconsistently in sources and literature of the Czech lands. The participation of musicians in ceremonies, traditions and customs of the calendar, or family occasions was one of their natural activities in rural communities. There are relatively frequent references to paying for a song (which involved leading the singing) and playing according to a demonstrated song, which was widespread in the context of folk dances. Musicians played not only for money, but also for food, drink, or special benefits in kind. For itinerant musicians and singers, musical performances were a major source of their livelihood. Many outstanding rural musicians also earned a living by teaching various instruments. From the end of the 19th century, folk musicians and dancers found more occasions to present themselves to the public, which increased an interest in the financial issue of their production. With the coming of brass music bands and other novelty groups, older traditional rural music groups lost not only their cultural capital, but their economic capital as well. Gradually, however, the emerging folklore movement strengthened the position of folk musicians, including their financial rewards. The question of the remuneration of folk musicians has resonated in cultural memory, thus adding to the unbiased image of traditional folk culture.
Klíčová slova:
folk music and dance; transforamtion of tradition; cultural capital; social capital
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
“Play What I Sing”: Economic Potential of the Bearers of Music Tradition in the Cultural Memory of the Czech Lands
The economic conditions of folk musicians or their remuneration have been mentioned rather inconsistently in sources and literature of the Czech lands. The participation of musicians in ceremonies, ...
Holocaust Testimonies in the Digital Era – EHRI Online Edition
Sedlická, Magdalena; Schellenbacher, Wolfgang
2020 - anglický
A key goal of the EHRI online editions platform is to develop annotated online editions of documents as a new way of presenting digital archival content. The editions are empowered by new EHRI tools for digital editing and use and improve upon the EHRI vocabularies and descriptions to generate contextual information displayed to users. Compared to analogue editions, the freely accessible online editions enable new research approaches and a different reading of the documents. Through metadata-tagging and geo-referencing, the editions do not exclusively follow thematic or chronological patterns. They are searchable and filtered for specific thematic or spatial interests at any time and are contextualised through interactive maps. EHRI platform hopes to support and possibly host third party projects.\n
Klíčová slova:
Holocaust; digital humanities; testimonies
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Holocaust Testimonies in the Digital Era – EHRI Online Edition
A key goal of the EHRI online editions platform is to develop annotated online editions of documents as a new way of presenting digital archival content. The editions are empowered by new EHRI tools ...
The Telč Jesuit Library
Bobková, Kateřina; Kuchařová, Hedvika
2020 - anglický
The paper summarised the research abouth library of the Telč College and Tertianship House, examined the funding, the physical space and furnishing of the library, the diff erent means of acquiring books, the library list, as well as the librarians who cared for it.
Klíčová slova:
Society of Jesus; Telč Jesuit College; libraries; religious orders
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
The Telč Jesuit Library
The paper summarised the research abouth library of the Telč College and Tertianship House, examined the funding, the physical space and furnishing of the library, the diff erent means of acquiring ...
On sepulchral memory in an epigraphic campaign: The towns of Prague after the events of 1648
Roháček, Jiří
2019 - anglický
The more than four-month successful defense of the Old and New Towns of Prague against Swedish troops in 1648 was relatively small in the context of the Thirty Years' War, but a very important episode for Prague cities and to a large extent for Bohemia. In Prague we can observe the remains of a relevant, originally certainly much richer epigraphic campaign, which has two main directions - the first is connected with thanks to Virgin Mary as protector and intercessor of cities, the second with contextual presentation of improved coats of arm of Old and New Town. Surprising is, however, the absence of a larger sepulchral memorie of 219 fallen defenders. The only preserved monument is the epitaph of Václav Čabelický of Soutice in the Church of Our Lady before Týn. The figural epitaph is known for its rich heraldic and epigraphic accompaniment. This fact raises a number of questions about the position of sepulchral and epigraphic monuments in a collective memory.
Klíčová slova:
epigraphy; inscription; sepulchral monuments; memory; campaign; Prague; Bohemia; 17th century
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
On sepulchral memory in an epigraphic campaign: The towns of Prague after the events of 1648
The more than four-month successful defense of the Old and New Towns of Prague against Swedish troops in 1648 was relatively small in the context of the Thirty Years' War, but a very important episode ...
Preconditions of the genesis of the Přemyslid realm
Kalhous, David
2019 - anglický
In the following study we analyse the validity of the nowgenerally-accepted view of the beginnings of the Přemyslid realm. Those who established this viewpoint emphasisethe income from selling slaves (and distance trade in general) as the main source the dynasties in Central Europeused to strengthen their economic power, which, in the next stage, enabled them to build powerful cavalry armiesas their “iron fist”. With these armies they were supposed to have built their “states”. In this article, not only is theautomatism of this mechanism brought into question (the prevalence of the cavalry), but also the idea that a statecan be built with an army. The author, on the one hand, points out the predatory character of such a system, and onthe other hand draws attention to the building of hillforts as a mechanism that not only enhanced the protection ofa given area, but also, due to the need for construction and repairs, brought large groups of people together, and thusformed a common identity for them.
Klíčová slova:
early states; Central Europe; Early Middle Ages; history of power; history of violence
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Preconditions of the genesis of the Přemyslid realm
In the following study we analyse the validity of the nowgenerally-accepted view of the beginnings of the Přemyslid realm. Those who established this viewpoint emphasisethe income from selling slaves ...
Two „alternative“ epigraphic inventory acts and their significance for the study of sepulchral monuments
Roháček, Jiří
2019 - anglický
In 2011, a questionnaire inventory of epigraphic sources in the archives of the Czech Republic was carried out in cooperation with the Department of Archival Administration of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic and the Institute of Art History CAS. The integration of epigraphic and sepulchral monuments into one inventory is based on research practice. The publication is in print. The second inventory undertaking sets itself higher objectives both objectively and methodically. It is an epigraphic database of the Center of Epigraphic and Sepulchral Studies of the Institute of Art History CAS. The added value is consideration of the possibilities of application of digital humanities methods.
Klíčová slova:
epigraphy; inscription; sepulchral monuments; secondary preservation; inventory; database; archival sources; 21st century; Czech Republic
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Two „alternative“ epigraphic inventory acts and their significance for the study of sepulchral monuments
In 2011, a questionnaire inventory of epigraphic sources in the archives of the Czech Republic was carried out in cooperation with the Department of Archival Administration of the Ministry of the ...
Potenciál historických vodohospodářských objektů pro turismus
Havlíček, M.; Svoboda, J.; Skokanová, H.; Dzuráková, M.; Pavelková, R.; Vyskočil, Aleš
2019 - anglický
Historic water management facilities may have various uses in the field of tourism. Some water management facilities can be adapted for purposes of board and/or lodging of visitors, which is a common alternative use of former water mills, sawmills or hammermills (workshops for processing of iron by mechanical hammer). A smaller part of water management facilities serves within tourism as attractive goals for visitors, e.g. expositions in old water mills, hammermills, paper mills, sawmills, stamping mills, hydroelectric power plants, waterworks facilities. In addition to the above examples, the preserved water management structures can also become attractive if they become part of hiking and biking trails. These include aqueducts, remains of navigation canals, old wells, preserved and extinct old weirs and dikes. Some water management objects have cultural and historical significance and are protected as cultural monuments. An evaluation of the potential of historic water management facilities in all aspects of tourism was performed in selected river basins in the Czech Republic.
Klíčová slova:
water management; cultural heritage; potential of tourism; Czech Republic
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Potenciál historických vodohospodářských objektů pro turismus
Historic water management facilities may have various uses in the field of tourism. Some water management facilities can be adapted for purposes of board and/or lodging of visitors, which is a common ...
Formal or Informal? Folk Music, Folklore Revival and Music Education
Kratochvíl, Matěj
2018 - anglický
Traditional folk music in the Czech Republic was usually connected with an informal way of knowledge transfer from generation to generation. Personal contacts with experienced musicians played an important role in transmission of repertoire, style, and skills to younger ones. During the 20th century and especially in its second half, with the development of the revival movement, this system changed. While some of its aspects have remained, the transmission process was strongly influenced by a formalized and institutionalized system of public music education. Music education both in grammar schools and in the network of so called “Basic schools of arts” (Základní umělecké školy), where children learn music as a hobby, has had an impact on the way traditional music is taught today. These changes include the emphasis on different aspects of musicianship, drawing inspiration from other genres of music, and a different way of organizing ensembles including a higher representation of girls in them. In my text, I am presenting findings from my own experience as well as from interviews with musicians from several generations. I am trying to demonstrate how their particular experience with learning and teaching traditional folk music has informed their approach to the way they perform, listen to and think about music.
Klíčová slova:
traditional music; music education; Czech Republic; improvisation; folk song collections
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Formal or Informal? Folk Music, Folklore Revival and Music Education
Traditional folk music in the Czech Republic was usually connected with an informal way of knowledge transfer from generation to generation. Personal contacts with experienced musicians played an ...
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