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Between Persecution and Redeployment. The Contribution to Prosopography of the Academic Staff of the Charles University in Prague in Context of the Measures from the Autumn 1939
Kostlán, Antonín; Šimůnek, Michal V.; Hořejš, M.
2021 - English
This chapter offers a prosopographical evaluation of the changes in the academic staff of the Charles University in Prague after 17 November 1939. It analyzes the different redeployment possibilities and offers a comparison with the situation at the Czech Technical University in Prague.
Keywords:
national socialism; history of science; WW2
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Between Persecution and Redeployment. The Contribution to Prosopography of the Academic Staff of the Charles University in Prague in Context of the Measures from the Autumn 1939
This chapter offers a prosopographical evaluation of the changes in the academic staff of the Charles University in Prague after 17 November 1939. It analyzes the different redeployment possibilities ...
The impact of the crisis-induced reduction in air pollution on infant mortality in India: a policy perspective
Kyrychenko, Olexiy
2021 - English
Credible estimates of the health effects associated with changes in air pollution exposure are of considerable importance for research and policy agendas, especially for developing countries. This paper estimates the impact of the sharp reduction in particulate air pollution driven by the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 on district-level infant mortality in India. Utilizing plausibly exogenous geographic variation in the crisis-induced changes in air quality and novel data from household surveys and satellite-based sources, I find that the infant mortality rate fell by 24% more in the most affected districts, implying 1338 fewer infant deaths than would have occurred in the absence of the crisis. Analysis of the mechanisms indicates that the PM2.5 reductions affected infant mortality mainly through respiratory diseases and two biological mechanisms: in utero and postbirth PM2.5 exposure. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that the estimated decline in infant mortality translates into a three-year after crisis total of 312.5 million U.S. dollars. The resulting health benefits could be used as a benchmark for assessing the effectiveness of the policies designed to improve air quality in India.
Keywords:
air pollution; infant mortality; crisis
Fulltext is available at external website.
The impact of the crisis-induced reduction in air pollution on infant mortality in India: a policy perspective
Credible estimates of the health effects associated with changes in air pollution exposure are of considerable importance for research and policy agendas, especially for developing countries. This ...
Career-breaks and maternal employment in CEE countries
Bičáková, Alena; Kalíšková, Klára
2021 - English
Post-birth career breaks and their impact on mothers’ labor market outcomes have received considerable attention in the literature. However, existing evidence comes mostly from Western Europe and the US, where career breaks tend to be short. In contrast, Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, where post-birth career interruptions by mothers are typically much longer, have rarely been studied. In the first part of this study, we place CEE countries into the EU context by providing key empirical facts related to the labor market outcomes of mothers and the most important factors that may affect them. Besides substantial differences between CEE countries and the rest of the EU, there is also large heterogeneity within CEE itself, which we explore next. In the second part, we review the main family leave and formal childcare policies and reforms that have occurred in CEE countries since the end of Communism and provide a comprehensive survey of the existing scientific evidence of their impact on maternal employment. While research on the causal impacts of these policies is scarce, several important studies have recently been published in high-impact journals. We are the first to provide an overview of these causal studies from CEE countries, which offer an insightful extension to the existing knowledge from Western Europe and the US.
Keywords:
CEE countries; labor market; motherhood
Fulltext is available at external website.
Career-breaks and maternal employment in CEE countries
Post-birth career breaks and their impact on mothers’ labor market outcomes have received considerable attention in the literature. However, existing evidence comes mostly from Western Europe and the ...
The outflow of high-ability students from regular schools and its long-term impact on those left behind
Federičová, Miroslava
2021 - English
Early tracking school systems, which stream student by ability, are considered a trigger of widening inequality in education. However, more homogenous class composition resulting from ability tracking seem to improve efficiency of teaching and learning. Literature on peer effects shows contradictory findings about these two counteracting effects. This paper contributes to the discussion of the efficacy of ability tracking by examining the effects of the outflow of high-ability students after primary education on the long-term educational outcomes and behaviour of their peers who remain in regular classes. Exploiting a 2009 school reform in Slovakia which postponed tracking by one year, we show that the outflow of high-performing peers results in a weak negative long-run effect on non-tracked student’s math scores and late arrivals at school, and more persistent negative effects on out-of-school study time.\n
Keywords:
early-tracking school system; peer effects; gender effects
Fulltext is available at external website.
The outflow of high-ability students from regular schools and its long-term impact on those left behind
Early tracking school systems, which stream student by ability, are considered a trigger of widening inequality in education. However, more homogenous class composition resulting from ability tracking ...
Asset prices and business cycles with liquidity shocks
Nezafat, M.; Slavík, Ctirad
2021 - English
We develop a production based asset pricing model with financially constrained firms to explain the observed high equity premium and low risk-free rate volatility. Investment opportunities are scarce and firms face productivity and liquidity shocks. A negative liquidity shock forces firms to liquidate a fraction of their assets. We calibrate the model to U.S. data and find that it generates an equity premium and a level and volatility of risk-free rate comparable to those observed in the data. The model also fits key aspects of the behavior of aggregate quantities, in particular, the volatility of aggregate consumption and investment.
Keywords:
general equilibrium; business cycles; production based asset pricing
Fulltext is available at external website.
Asset prices and business cycles with liquidity shocks
We develop a production based asset pricing model with financially constrained firms to explain the observed high equity premium and low risk-free rate volatility. Investment opportunities are scarce ...
Learning about ethnic discrimination from different information sources
Korlyakova, Darya
2021 - English
We experimentally study whether public beliefs about ethnic discrimination, an emotionally loaded issue, are shifted more by information from experts or from ordinary people. We also examine whether people are inclined to choose the most influential sources. For this purpose, we combine, in a novel design, the random provision of information from different sources with endogenous information acquisition from the same sources. We find that individuals update their beliefs most in response to information from experts, namely researchers studying ethnic minorities and human resource managers. Exogenous adjustments in beliefs do not induce changes in attitudes to ethnic minorities. Consistent with the strength of belief updating, more individuals choose information from experts over information from ordinary people. This result suggests that, in the aggregate, people behave rationally as they favor a source that is perceived to be relatively accurate. The findings have implications for information dissemination policies.
Keywords:
ethnic discrimination; beliefs; information sources
Fulltext is available at external website.
Learning about ethnic discrimination from different information sources
We experimentally study whether public beliefs about ethnic discrimination, an emotionally loaded issue, are shifted more by information from experts or from ordinary people. We also examine whether ...
Sequential vote buying
Chen, Y.; Zápal, Jan
2021 - English
To enact a policy, a leader needs votes from committee members with heterogeneous opposition intensities. She sequentially offers transfers in exchange for votes. The transfers are either promises paid only if the policy passes or paid up front. With transfer promises, a vote costs nearly zero. With up-front payments, a vote can cost significantly more than zero, but the leader is better off with up-front payments. The leader does not necessarily buy the votes of those least opposed. The opposition structure most challenging to the leader involves either a homogeneous committee or a committee with two homogenous groups. Our results provide an explanation for several empirical regularities: lobbying of strongly opposed legislators, the Tullock Paradox and expansion of the whip system in the U.S. House concurrent with ideological homogenization of parties. We also discuss several extensions including private histories and simultaneous offers.
Keywords:
vote buying; legislative bargaining; coalition building
Fulltext is available at external website.
Sequential vote buying
To enact a policy, a leader needs votes from committee members with heterogeneous opposition intensities. She sequentially offers transfers in exchange for votes. The transfers are either promises ...
Paternal circular migration and development of socio-emotional skills of children left behind
Adunts, Davit
2021 - English
This study investigates the short-run effect of paternal absence due to circular migration on the socio-emotional skills of their children left behind. To address the endogeneity of the migration decision, and building on previous studies, this study focuses on children whose fathers have all engaged in circular migration. Furthermore, using quasi-exogenous variation in the timing of return migration induced by bilateral migration laws between Ukraine and Poland, I circumvent the bias related to the return migration decision. The findings of this study suggest that current paternal absence due to circular migration negatively affects the socioemotional skills of children left behind. Overall, this result suggests that circular migration is not necessarily a „triple-win“ solution that benefits all involved parties.
Keywords:
circular migration; children left behind; perseverance skills
Fulltext is available at external website.
Paternal circular migration and development of socio-emotional skills of children left behind
This study investigates the short-run effect of paternal absence due to circular migration on the socio-emotional skills of their children left behind. To address the endogeneity of the migration ...
Romani Studies at the Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Sociological Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University
Uherek, Zdeněk
2021 - English
An overview of research in the field of Romani studies at the Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences and at the Institute of Sociological Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University.
Keywords:
Romani Studies; Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences; Institute of Etnonology, Czech Academy of Sciences
Fulltext is available at external website.
Romani Studies at the Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Sociological Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University
An overview of research in the field of Romani studies at the Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences and at the Institute of Sociological Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles ...
A note on Jain's digital piracy model: horizontal vs vertical product differentiation
Kúnin, Michael; Žigić, Krešimir
2021 - English
We study how private intellectual property rights protection affects equilibrium prices and profits in a duopoly competition between firms that offer a product variety of distinct qualities (vertical product differentiation) in a setup that is closely related to that put forward by Jain (2008), where firms offer the same qualities in equilibrium (horizontal product differentiation). Consumers may make a choice to buy a legal version, use an illegal copy (if they want to and can), or not use a product at all. Using an illegal version violates intellectual property rights protection and is thus punishable when disclosed. Thus, both private and public (copyright) intellectual property rights protection are available on scene.
Keywords:
vertical and horizontal product differentiation; software piracy; Bertrand competition
Fulltext is available at external website.
A note on Jain's digital piracy model: horizontal vs vertical product differentiation
We study how private intellectual property rights protection affects equilibrium prices and profits in a duopoly competition between firms that offer a product variety of distinct qualities (vertical ...
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