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Influence of printing and loading direction on mechanical response in 3D printed models of human trabecular bone
Doktor, Tomáš; Kumpová, Ivana; Wroński, S.; Śniechowski, M.; Tarasiuk, J.; Forte, G.; Kytýř, Daniel
2018 - English
The paper deals with investigation on directional variations of mechanical response in 3D printed models of human trabecular bone. Sample of trabecular bone tissue was resected from human donor and 3D model was obtained by X-ray computed tomography. Then a series of cubical samples was prepared by additive manufacturing technique and tested by uniaxial compression loading mode. Mechanical response was compared in nine different combinations of direction of 3D printing and loading direction. The results show neglectible influence on the deformation response in elastic region (stiffness) and significant changes of the behaviour in plastic region (stress and strain at yield point, strain at full collapse).
Keywords:
additive manufacturing; tomography; deformation response
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Influence of printing and loading direction on mechanical response in 3D printed models of human trabecular bone
The paper deals with investigation on directional variations of mechanical response in 3D printed models of human trabecular bone. Sample of trabecular bone tissue was resected from human donor and 3D ...
Možnosti využití rentgenové tomografie ke kvantifikaci poškození teplotně namáhaného betonu
Rozsypalová, I.; Kumpová, Ivana; Daněk, P.; Šimonová, H.; Keršner, Z.
2018 - Czech
Působení vysokých teplot na beton ovlivňuje vnitřní strukturu tohoto kompozitního materiálu. V příspěvku se otevírá otázka možnosti využití výpočetní rentgenové tomografie ke kVantifikaci míry poškození betonového tělesa, které bylo odvrtáno z vybraného experimentálního panelu zatěžovaného vysokými teplotami na požární peci Centra AdMaS (Advanced Materials, Structures and Technologies) FAST VUT v Brně. Nominální hodnota maxima teploty v peci činila 1000 °C. Pokročilé zařízení TORATOM (Twinned Orthogonal Adjustable Tomograph) v Centru excelence Telč (CET) kombinuje dva páry „rentgenka–detektor“ v ortogonálním uspořádání, které umožňuje dvojnásobné zrychlení procesu sběru dat pro tomografické rekonstrukce. Zařízení má plně motorizované osy pro nastavování vzdáleností „rentgenka–vzorek–detektor“. Tím lze měnit zvětšení zhruba od 1,2× po 100× (ve speciálních případech i více). Při dané velikosti pixelů detektoru je možné měnit rozlišení CT rekonstrukcí, tj. velikost jednoho prostorového bodu modelu, od 0,2 milimetrů až po mikrometrické. Další výhodu zařízení TORATOM představuje možnost paralelního zobrazování objektu ve dvou spektrech RTG záření. Tento postup umožňuje zvýraznit rozdíly mezi materiálovými komponentami, které mají v plném RTG spektru podobný útlum. Pokud se vzorek skládá pouze ze dvou materiálů, lze tyto materiály jednoznačně odlišit. U vícesložkových materiálů lze rozdíly pouze zdůraznit. The effect of high temperatures on concrete affects the internal structure of this composite material. The paper opens the question of the possibility of using a computed X–ray tomography to quantify the degree of damage of a concrete specimen that was drilled from the selected experimental panel loaded in a fire furnace with high temperatures at the AdMaS (Advanced Materials, Structures and Technologies) research centre at Faculty of Civil Engineering Brno University of Technology. The nominal value of the maximum temperature on the heated side of the panel was 1000 °C. Advanced workstation computer X–ray tomography TORATOM at Centre of Excellence Telč (CET) is parallel imaging of an object in two spectra of X–ray radiation, that allows to highlight differences between the material components to the full X–ray spectrum similar to the attenuation of the radiation.
Keywords:
TORATOM; concrete; high temperature; computed tomography
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Možnosti využití rentgenové tomografie ke kvantifikaci poškození teplotně namáhaného betonu
Působení vysokých teplot na beton ovlivňuje vnitřní strukturu tohoto kompozitního materiálu. V příspěvku se otevírá otázka možnosti využití výpočetní rentgenové tomografie ke kVantifikaci míry ...
Crystallization force of sodium chloride
Koudelková, Veronika; Wolf, Benjamin
2018 - English
Soluble salts are one of the most deteriorating factor causing damage of historical building materials due to generation of crystallization pressure inside pore space. Direct measurement of crystallization force is quite challenging, hence we developed at our institute a novel device able to detect the force of growing crystal. The device is based on the monitoring of force developed with upper microscopic glass on the growing crystal to maintain constant position. The crystal could generate force because of the existence of thin liquid layer of solution between both surfaces come into contact. The driving force for the subsequent growth of crystal against obstacle is supersaturation, which is mainly induced by evaporation of the salt solution. In this experiment, the crystal of sodium chloride generated force 16.8 mN and the corresponding crystallization pressure was equal to the value 0.48 MPa.
Keywords:
crystallization force; sodium chloride; salt deterioration
Fulltext is available at external website.
Crystallization force of sodium chloride
Soluble salts are one of the most deteriorating factor causing damage of historical building materials due to generation of crystallization pressure inside pore space. Direct measurement of ...
Utilization of image and signal processing techniques for assessment of built heritage condition
Koudelka_ml., Petr; Koudelková, Veronika; Doktor, Tomáš; Kumpová, Ivana; Kytýř, Daniel; Valach, Jaroslav
2018 - English
Historical buildings represent invaluable heritage from the past and therefore their protection is a very important task. Assessment of their condition must not cause damage accumulation thus the least possible volume removed from the structure is essential. As many historical buildings in the Czech Republic are built using sandstone that can be considered as a typical heterogeneous system, statistical signal processing is a promising approach for determination of the representative volume element (RVE) dimensions. Such calculations can be carried out on the domain of logical arrays representing binary images of the materials microstructure. This paper deals with processing of image data obtained using SEM-BSE and high resolution flatbed scanner for determination of RVE dimensions. Advanced image processing techniques are employed and results from calculation using grayscale data are presented and compared with results calculated on the basis of color input images.
Keywords:
heterogeneous systems; natural stones; image processing; K-means clustering; representative volume element
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Utilization of image and signal processing techniques for assessment of built heritage condition
Historical buildings represent invaluable heritage from the past and therefore their protection is a very important task. Assessment of their condition must not cause damage accumulation thus the ...
Multi-channel control system for in-situ laboratory loading devices
Rada, Václav; Fíla, Tomáš; Zlámal, Petr; Kytýř, Daniel; Koudelka_ml., P.
2018 - English
In recent years, open-source applications have replaced proprietary software in many fields. Especially open-source software tools based on Linux operating system have wide range of utilization. In terms of CNC solutions, an open-source system LinuxCNC can be used. However, the LinuxCNC control software and the graphical user interface (GUI) could be developed only on top of Hardware Abstraction Layer. Nevertheless, the LinuxCNC community provided Python Interface, which allows for controlling CNC machine using Python programming language, therefore whole control software can be developed in Python. The paper focuses on a development of a multi-process control software mainly for in-house developed loading devices operated at our institute. The software tool is based on the LinuxCNC Python Interface and Qt framework, which gives the software an ability to be modular and effectively adapted for various devices.
Keywords:
CNC; controlling; LinuxCNC; Python Interface; Python; parallel programming; Qt; PyQt; Qwt; PythonQwt; LabJack
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Multi-channel control system for in-situ laboratory loading devices
In recent years, open-source applications have replaced proprietary software in many fields. Especially open-source software tools based on Linux operating system have wide range of utilization. In ...
Analysis of mini-jack technique for in situ measurement of strength
Kloiber, Michal; Tippner, J.; Kunecký, Jiří; Sebera, V.; Milch, J.; Hrivnák, Jaroslav
2017 - English
The paper presents a recently developed diagnostic technique for in situ determination of modulus of deformability (MODL) and conventional strength (CSL) parallel to the grain using the mini-jack inserted in bored hole. The mini-jack compression technique simulates the standard compression test, it is compared to that to examine its prediction strength (correlation coefficients). The paper shows an influence of moisture content of wood on experimental measurements using this technique. The measurement was carried out at spruce samples at three moisture contents of 12, 18 and 24%. The results of the tests prove a very good correlation of the strength determined by the proposed technique and wood density and strength determined at universal testing machine in compression parallel to the grain. The effect of the moisture content on the measurement by the mini-jack technique was proved to be significant. Beside that, the newly-developed instrument was also studied using digital image correlation (DIC) technique to analyze induced strains around the bored hole. This was studied on halved spruce samples. The DIC revealed symmetric character of the loading and significant differences between strains induced in tangential and longitudinal directions.
Keywords:
non-destructive testing; mini-jack technique; wood; in-situ testing; compression strength
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Analysis of mini-jack technique for in situ measurement of strength
The paper presents a recently developed diagnostic technique for in situ determination of modulus of deformability (MODL) and conventional strength (CSL) parallel to the grain using the mini-jack ...
Mechanical analysis of scarf joint fastened using cylindrical wooden dowel
Tippner, J.; Milch, J.; Kunecký, Jiří; Kloiber, Michal; Brabec, M.; Sebera, V.
2017 - English
Traditional all-wooden woodworking joints play an important role in the behaviour of timber structures. These joints are also widely used when historically valuable constructions are being reconstructed and the connections are usually the masterpieces that testify to the high carpentry skills and knowledges of the overall mechanical behaviour. Within historical timber structures traditional carpentry joints were used while wooden dowel fixed mutual position of elements. Main aim of this study was to contribute to knowledge base about prediction and analysis of the mechanical performance of frequently used scarf joints made from spruce wood fastened using oak dowels. The objectives were to determine the joints' slip moduli and load-carrying capacity by means of theoretical and experimental approaches, in next to assess the mechanical behaviour of dowels through experimental investigation, and finally to perform a strain analysis of dowels. For these purposes, the optical technique employing three-dimensional full-field digital image correlation was used. The experiments were done on the full-scale specimens meeting the requirements of European standards (EN 383 and EN 26891), which were made from Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and English oak (Quercus robur L.). The mechanical load consisted in tensile parallel and perpendicular to grain direction within the main components. The results of this study showed good correlation between theoretical approach based on based on Beam on Elastic Foundation theory and European yield model theory and experimental observations.
Keywords:
all-wooden joints; scarf joint; dowel; spruce; oak; digital image correlation
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Mechanical analysis of scarf joint fastened using cylindrical wooden dowel
Traditional all-wooden woodworking joints play an important role in the behaviour of timber structures. These joints are also widely used when historically valuable constructions are being ...
Analysis of Baroque sculpture based on X-ray fluorescence imaging and X-ray\ncomputed tomography data fusion
Vavřík, Daniel; Kumpová, Ivana; Vopálenský, Michal; Lauterkranc, J.
2017 - English
It is advantageous to combine information about geometry and the inner structure of historical artifacts with information about the elemental composition of decorative layers, typically covering historical wooden sculptures. X-ray computed tomography describing artifact structure is quite common and easy. Standard X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of decorative layers is typically done for several selected spots of the artifact’s surface utilizing single pad detector. XRF imaging fully describing the surface’s elemental composition is commonly done for flat objects, while time consuming XRF tomography is applied to relatively small objects. It will be shown in this work that an effective fusion combination of XRF imaging and X-ray tomography describing the whole object can be realized even when using a limited number of XRF images.
Keywords:
X-ray computed tomography; X-ray flourescence imaging; cultural heritage; data fusion
Fulltext is available at external website.
Analysis of Baroque sculpture based on X-ray fluorescence imaging and X-ray\ncomputed tomography data fusion
It is advantageous to combine information about geometry and the inner structure of historical artifacts with information about the elemental composition of decorative layers, typically covering ...
Korozní chování žárových zinkových povlaků v půdě
Kreislová, K.; Barták, Z.; Fialová, P.; Majtás, Dušan
2017 - Czech
Příspěvek uvádí některé výsledky korozní zkoušky zinkového povlaku v půdě v ČR ve srovnání s dosud publikovanými údaji. V příspěvku je uveden i příklad koroze žárového zinkového povlaku na specifickém mostním objektu. Paper gives some results of corrosion test of zinc coating in soil in the ČR in comparison with contemporary published data. There is given also case study of hot dip zinc coating´s corrosion on specific bridge object.
Keywords:
zinc coating; soils; corrosion test
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Korozní chování žárových zinkových povlaků v půdě
Příspěvek uvádí některé výsledky korozní zkoušky zinkového povlaku v půdě v ČR ve srovnání s dosud publikovanými údaji. V příspěvku je uveden i příklad koroze žárového zinkového povlaku na specifickém ...
Iron alloys outdoor corrosion and laboratory simulation - comparison
Majtás, Dušan; Mácová, Petra; Kreislová, Kateřina; Příhoda, J.
2017 - English
Simulation of iron alloy corrosion is widespread used to predict corrosion resistance. The simulation using corrosion chambers or climatic chambers provides reasonable information on corrosion resistance, the corrosion rate however must be compared to real exposition as the corrosion in simulated environment is accelerated compared to real situation. However the composition of corrosion products and its structure is different question. The corrosion products composition is dependent on corrosion process. The phases present are most likely the same, most voluminous hydrated oxides and oxy-hydroxides on the outside where the less voluminous oxides are present in the lower layers. However this macroscopic phase structure may not fully describe the layered structure of corrosion products, thickness of corrosion products or mechanical properties. In the vicinity of crack in corrosion products the structure is more likely to be similar to the structure near the surface.
Keywords:
corrosion; wrought iron; accelerated ageing; corrosion simulation
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Iron alloys outdoor corrosion and laboratory simulation - comparison
Simulation of iron alloy corrosion is widespread used to predict corrosion resistance. The simulation using corrosion chambers or climatic chambers provides reasonable information on corrosion ...
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