Disappearing stepping stones: technological change and career paths
Kashkarov, Daniil; Artemev, V.
2024 - English Which career paths lead workers towards high-skilled non-routine cognitive occupations? Using PSID data, we show that, for a significant share of workers, a career path towards non-routine cognitive occupations goes through middle-skilled routine occupations, with the majority going through a subset of routine cognitive occupations. We then argue that the decline in employment in routine cognitive occupations due to routine-biased technological change can negatively affect the chances of younger cohorts joining high-skilled occupations. To test this hypothesis, we develop a structural occupational choice model that endogenously generates realistic career paths and estimate it using PSID data and job ad data from three major US outlets covering the period from 1940 to 2000. Our estimations suggest that, on average, 6% of workers ending up in non-routine cognitive occupations use routine cognitive occupations as stepping stones that allow them to maintain and accumulate human capital and experience relevant for later employment in high-skilled occupations. A fall in employment opportunities in routine cognitive occupations over the period of the most intensive routine-biased technological change led to at least 1.37 million lost high-skilled workers who got stuck in less skilled occupations. Keywords: routine-biased technological change; occupational choice; human capital Fulltext is available at external website. Disappearing stepping stones: technological change and career paths

Which career paths lead workers towards high-skilled non-routine cognitive occupations? Using PSID data, we show that, for a significant share of workers, a career path towards non-routine cognitive ...

Kashkarov, Daniil; Artemev, V.
Národohospodářský ústav, 2024

The risks of reforming doctoral studies
Grosman, Jiří; Jurajda, Štěpán; Münich, Daniel
2024 - Czech The system of financing doctoral studies in the Czech Republic has long been inefficient. A reform currently underway aims to significantly increase the efficiency of the system. In this short text, we draw attention to potential problems associated with the distribution of public financial support for doctoral studies among universities. It would be problematic to distribute support based predominantly on degree completion rates. Allocation of public support for doctoral studies should take into account the results of evaluations of the quality of science produced by universities and their success in career placement of graduates, in addition to justifiable national disciplinary priorities. Systém financování doktorského studia v České republice je dlouhodobě neefektivní. Dokončovaná reforma má za cíl efektivitu systému výrazně zvýšit. V tomto krátkém textu upozorňujeme na potenciální problémy spojené s rozdělováním veřejné finanční podpory doktorského studia mezi vysoké školy. Problematické by bylo rozdělování podpory založené dominantně na míře úspěšného dokončování studií. Alokace veřejné podpory doktorského studia by vedle opodstatněných národních oborových priorit měla zohledňovat výsledky hodnocení kvality vědy na vysokých školách a úspěšnost v kariérním umisťování absolventů. Keywords: doctoral studies; public financial support; Czech Republic Fulltext is available at external website. The risks of reforming doctoral studies

The system of financing doctoral studies in the Czech Republic has long been inefficient. A reform currently underway aims to significantly increase the efficiency of the system. In this short text, ...

Grosman, Jiří; Jurajda, Štěpán; Münich, Daniel
Národohospodářský ústav, 2024

Some modifications of the limited-memory variable metric optimization methods
Vlček, Jan; Lukšan, Ladislav
2023 - English Several modifications of the limited-memory variable metric (or quasi-Newton) line search methods for large scale unconstrained optimization are investigated. First the block version of the symmetric rank-one (SR1) update formula is derived in a similar way as for the block BFGS update in Vlˇcek and Lukˇsan (Numerical Algorithms 2019). The block SR1 formula is then modified to obtain an update which can reduce the required number of arithmetic operations per iteration. Since it usually violates the corresponding secant conditions, this update is combined with the shifting investigated in Vlˇcek and Lukˇsan (J. Comput. Appl. Math. 2006). Moreover, a new efficient way how to realize the limited-memory shifted BFGS method is proposed. For a class of methods based on the generalized shifted economy BFGS update, global convergence is established. A numerical comparison with the standard L-BFGS and BNS methods is given. Keywords: unconstrained minimization; variable metric methods; limited-memory methods; variationally derived methods; arithmetic operations reduction; global convergence Available in a digital repository NRGL Some modifications of the limited-memory variable metric optimization methods

Several modifications of the limited-memory variable metric (or quasi-Newton) line search methods for large scale unconstrained optimization are investigated. First the block version of the symmetric ...

Vlček, Jan; Lukšan, Ladislav
Ústav informatiky, 2023

Public Opinion on Performance of President Miloš Zeman - February/March 2023
Červenka, Jan
2023 - Czech In its regular survey in February and March 2023 the Public Opinion Research Centre focused on questions about the Miloš Zeman's presidency.\nIn all areas examined, critical evaluations prevailed over positive ones.\nRelatively most favorably, the Czech public rated how he performed the functions entrusted to him by the constitution (40%) and how he was in contact with citizens and knew their problems (39%).\nCzech citizens were the most critical of how the outgoing president took care of the seriousness and dignity of his office (73%) and how he acted as an authority among citizens (71%).\nCompared to 2020, the president's rating worsened in all monitored items.\nCompared to the previous presidents Václav Havel and Václav Klaus in the period at the end of their tenure, citizens rated Miloš Zeman better in that how he was in contact with citizens and knew their problems. For other items, his current assessment sounds more critical. V šetření realizovaném v únoru a v březnu 2023 se Centrum pro výzkum veřejného mínění SOU AV ČR, v.v.i., zaměřilo na hodnocení působení Miloše Zemana v prezidentském úřadě podle šesti vybraných kritérií.\nVe všech zkoumaných oblastech převažovalo kritické hodnocení nad pozitivním.\nRelativně nejpříznivěji česká veřejnost hodnotila, jak plnil funkce svěřené mu ústavou (40 %) a jak byl v kontaktu s občany a znal jejich problémy (39 %).\nNejvíce kritičtí byli čeští občané k tomu, jak dosluhující prezident dbal o vážnost a důstojnost svého úřadu (73 %) a jak působil jako autorita u občanů (71 %).\nV porovnání s rokem 2020 se hodnocení prezidenta zhoršilo ve všech sledovaných položkách.\nV porovnání s předchozími prezidenty Václavem Havlem a Václavem Klausem v období na konci jejich působení hodnotili občané u Miloše Zemana lépe, jak byl v kontaktu s občany a znal jejich problémy. U ostatních položek jeho aktuální hodnocení vyznívá kritičtěji. Keywords: public opinion; President; Miloš Zeman; evaluations Fulltext is available at external website. Public Opinion on Performance of President Miloš Zeman - February/March 2023

In its regular survey in February and March 2023 the Public Opinion Research Centre focused on questions about the Miloš Zeman's presidency.\nIn all areas examined, critical evaluations prevailed over ...

Červenka, Jan
Sociologický ústav, 2023

GA 19-07635S: Outputs and Results
Rehák, Branislav
2023 - English This manuscript aims to deliver a survey of results obtained during the solution of the project No. GA19-07635S of the Czech Science Foundation. The timespan dedicated to the work on this project was 1.3.2019 - 30.6.2022. The main area dealt with were\nnonlinear multi-agent systems and their synchronization, further, attention was paid to some auxiliary results in the area of nonlinear observers. This Report briefly introduces the Project, provides a summary of the results obtained and also sketches an outline how these results will be applied and extended in future. Keywords: multi-agent systems; nonlinear multi-agent systems; synchronization Fulltext is available at external website. GA 19-07635S: Outputs and Results

This manuscript aims to deliver a survey of results obtained during the solution of the project No. GA19-07635S of the Czech Science Foundation. The timespan dedicated to the work on this project was ...

Rehák, Branislav
Ústav teorie informace a automatizace, 2023

What the data says about generations X and Y: when our parents were as young as we are
Peňázová, Eva; Šoltés, Michal
2023 - Czech This study presents a unique comparison of the lives of generation Y (millennials, born in 1981–1996) and those of generation X (their parents, born in 1965–1980) at the same age, based on available statistics related to education levels, relationships, and relative earnings.\n Studie představuje unikátní srovnání současného života generace Y, tzv. mileniálů (narozeni 1981–1996), s generací X jejich rodičů (narozeni 1965–1980) na základě dostupných statistik týkajících se úrovně vzdělanosti, partnerských vztahů či relativních výdělků. Keywords: generation Y; generation X; income and living conditions Fulltext is available at external website. What the data says about generations X and Y: when our parents were as young as we are

This study presents a unique comparison of the lives of generation Y (millennials, born in 1981–1996) and those of generation X (their parents, born in 1965–1980) at the same age, based on available ...

Peňázová, Eva; Šoltés, Michal
Národohospodářský ústav, 2023

SMV-2023-03: Holder for field-emission cathodes
Knápek, Alexandr; Horáček, Miroslav; Klein, Pavel
2023 - Czech The contract research (CR) deals with the development of a modular holder for the development and testing of field-emission cathodes under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The research combines knowledge from vacuum engineering, power electronics and surface physics to achieve a reliable device that allows working with field-emission cathodes under vacuum conditions in diode and triode configurations. The main deliverables for the customer are drawings that allow the apparatus to be replicated and one piece of working prototype that has been constructed within the CR to verify the function. Smluvní výzkum (SMV) se zabývá vývojem modulárního držáku pro vývoj a testování auto-emisních katod v podmínkách ultra-vysokého vakua. Výzkum kombinuje znalosti z vakuové techniky, silnoproudé elektrotechniky a povrchové fyziky k dosažení spolehlivého zařízení, které umožňuje pracovat s polně-emisními katodami ve vakuových podmínkách, a to v diodové a triodové konfiguraci. Hlavním výstupem pro objednavatele je výkresová dokumentace, která umožňuje aparaturu replikovat a dále jeden kus funkčního prototypu, který byl v rámci SMV zkonstruován k ověření funkcionality. Keywords: field-emission cathode holder; relief structure; modular holder Available at various institutes of the ASCR SMV-2023-03: Holder for field-emission cathodes

The contract research (CR) deals with the development of a modular holder for the development and testing of field-emission cathodes under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The research combines knowledge ...

Knápek, Alexandr; Horáček, Miroslav; Klein, Pavel
Ústav přístrojové techniky, 2023

Evaluation of the risks of the terrain surface influencing from the point of view of geomechanical changes of the rock massif due to the flooding of the mining environment of the Ostrava and Petřvald sub-basins of the OKR by mine water - final report
Kajzar, Vlastimil
2023 - Czech Attenuation of the remaining, still active mines of OKD company will mean the end of the primary reason for pumping mine water from mines, which is to ensure the safety of work and operation underground. At the same time, this eliminates the need to maintain the currently determined level of mine water in the already attenuated part of the Ostrava-Karviná district (OKR), i.e. in the Ostrava (ODP) and Petřvald (PDP) parts of the OKR, which are now ensured by the Jeremenko (ODP) and Žofie (PDP) water shafts. After the end of all activities in the OKR underground, the process of flooding of the abandoned mine could be started. The aim of this work is to determine the possible risks caused by geomechanical and rheological changes in the rock massif disturbed by mining activity and, above all, the associated possible risks of affecting the earth's surface. Útlum zbylých, dosud činných dolů OKD, a.s. bude znamenat zánik primárního důvodu čerpání důlních vod z dolů, kterým je zajištění bezpečnosti práce a provozu v podzemí. Zároveň se tím eliminuje potřeba udržování v současnosti stanovené hladiny důlních vod v již utlumené části ostravsko-karvinského revíru (OKR), tedy v ostravské (ODP) a petřvaldské (PDP) části OKR, kterou nyní zajišťují vodní jámy Jeremenko (ODP) a Žofie (PDP). Po ukončení veškerých aktivit v podzemí OKR by tak mohl být spuštěn proces zatápění opuštěných důlních prostor. Cílem této práce je stanovit možná rizika způsobená geomechanickými a reologickými změnami v horninovém masívu, porušeném hornickou činností a především s tím spojená možná rizika ovlivnění zemského povrchu. Keywords: risks of the terrain surface influencing; geomechanical changes; flooding of the mining environment Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR Evaluation of the risks of the terrain surface influencing from the point of view of geomechanical changes of the rock massif due to the flooding of the mining environment of the Ostrava and Petřvald sub-basins of the OKR by mine water - final report

Attenuation of the remaining, still active mines of OKD company will mean the end of the primary reason for pumping mine water from mines, which is to ensure the safety of work and operation ...

Kajzar, Vlastimil
Ústav geoniky, 2023

The assessment of mechanical properties of the fibleglass composite – 3B the fibreglass company, N-4760 BIRKELAND, Norway, SE 2020 1200TEX, CoA 7841810_000010 from 15.6.23, Epoxy – „Spolek pro chemickou a hutní výrobu a.s.“, CHS-EPODUR 532- 0542,CoA CA12210056,57 from 11.4.23.
Šperl, Martin; Vála, Ondřej; Bejdl, Jan; Frankeová, Dita
2023 - Czech Investigation of basic mechanical properties of the fibreglass composite cut from special high pressure vessel. Výzkum základních mechanických vlastností skelného laminátového kompozitu vyříznutého ze speciální vysokotlaké nádoby. Keywords: mechanical properties; fibreglass composite Available at various institutes of the ASCR The assessment of mechanical properties of the fibleglass composite – 3B the fibreglass company, N-4760 BIRKELAND, Norway, SE 2020 1200TEX, CoA 7841810_000010 from 15.6.23, Epoxy – „Spolek pro chemickou a hutní výrobu a.s.“, CHS-EPODUR 532- 0542,CoA CA12210056,57 from 11.4.23.

Investigation of basic mechanical properties of the fibreglass composite cut from special high pressure vessel.

Šperl, Martin; Vála, Ondřej; Bejdl, Jan; Frankeová, Dita
Ústav teoretické a aplikované mechaniky, 2023

Palynologie vybraných vzorků z vrtu Dětřichov J2014 a vrtu Maletín 1
Svobodová, Marcela
2023 - Czech Keywords: Cenomanian; palynology; palaeoenvironment; Bohemian Cretaceous Basin Available at various institutes of the ASCR Palynologie vybraných vzorků z vrtu Dětřichov J2014 a vrtu Maletín 1

Svobodová, Marcela
Geologický ústav, 2023