No (534)
Yes (5)
Number of found documents:
539
Published from
to
Social time and its representation in the performance-oriented society of the 19th century: liberalization - monetization - pluralization
Řezníková, Lenka
2019 - Czech
One of the symptoms of the transition from the premodern society of estates to a modern civil society, as realized during the 19th century (at least at the ideological level) was the highlighting of time and its transformation into a secular instrument of liberal ideology. The monetization of time, expressed in Benjamin Franklin’s famous formulation „time is money“ (translated into Czech in 1838) allowed time to be conceived as a factor in social ascent. In contrast to the estates privileges that quarantees social status on given a priori selective principles, time was given to everybody and its appropriate utilization could ensure social ascent even for individuals from the lowest social strata. Hence time becomes a key component in the new liberal biographical project of social ascent, not only in the biological sense, but also with regard to the structure of social behaviour. Numerous instructions are given (even in fiction) on how to utilize time properly and transform it into material profit. As time in increasingly highlighted, so the importance of time periods and deadlines grows and need also incerases for synchronization and correct timing, because each actor noe disposes of his own time, which is not always compatible with the time of others actors. This study attempts to show how the new secularized time was represented in the emerging performance-oriented society and what consequences were in store for the monetization of time beyond this optimistic liberal discourse within the modernist generation at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Jedním ze znaků přechodu předmoderní stavovské společnosti k moderní společnosti občanské, jak se (alespoň v ideové rovině) realizoval v průběhu 19. století, bylo zvýznamňování času a jeho transformace v sekulární nástroj liberální ideologie. Monetizace času, kterou vyjádřil Benjamin Franklin známou formulí „čas jsou peníze“ (příslušný text vyšel v českém překladu 1838), umožňovala představit čas jako faktor sociálního vzestupu. Na rozdíl od stavovských privilegií, jež zaručovala sociální status na a priori daných selektivních principech, čas byl dán každému a jeho vhodné využití mohlo i jedinci z nižších sociálních vrstev zajistit společenský vzestup. Čas se tak stává klíčovou komponentou nového liberálního biografického projektu společenského vzestupu nejen ve smyslu biologickém, ale též ve smyslu strukturace sociálního jednání. Objevuje se množství návodů (i beletristických), jak čas řádně využít a proměnit jej v hmotný zisk. Spolu se zvýznamňováním času roste i funkce lhůt a termínů a sílí nutnost synchronizace a správného načasování, neboť každý aktér nyní disponuje vlastním časem, který není vždy kompatibilní s časy jiných aktérů. Studie se pokouší ukázat, jak je nový sekularizovaný čas v rodící se výkonové společnosti reprezentován a jaké konsekvence měla monetizace času mimo tento optimistický liberální diskurs u modernistické generace přelomu 19. a 20. století.
Keywords:
monetisation of time; liberalism; meritocracy; metapher; social ascent
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Social time and its representation in the performance-oriented society of the 19th century: liberalization - monetization - pluralization
One of the symptoms of the transition from the premodern society of estates to a modern civil society, as realized during the 19th century (at least at the ideological level) was the highlighting of ...
Logos liberal democracy?
Brabec, Martin
2018 - Czech
The paper presents conceptual analyzes of liberal democracy. It shows that liberal democracy appears as harmonic association of different spheres and rights but it inside contains contradiction betwen democracy (collective decision) and liberal principle which emphasis constitutional personal rights. Misunderstanding of this distinction lead to confusion of democracy with liberal democracy. Práce ukazuje, že ačkoliv se často liberální demokracie prezentuje a obhajuje jako harmonicky skloubený celek, v její podstatě se nachází zásadní rozpor, běžně přehlížený. Tuto kontradikci nalezneme mezi principem demokratickým, který klade důraz na kolektivní rozhodování a principem liberálním, který staví na individuálních právech a osobním rozhodování. Právě neporozumění tomuto rozdílu vede ke směšování demokracie s liberální demokracií.
Keywords:
democracy; liberalism; political philosophy
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Logos liberal democracy?
The paper presents conceptual analyzes of liberal democracy. It shows that liberal democracy appears as harmonic association of different spheres and rights but it inside contains contradiction betwen ...
The Trade Contacts of Prague Burghers at the Turn of the 14th and 15th Century
Musílek, Martin
2018 - Czech
The presented text explores the trade contacts between Prague and Bern, and other cities of the Swiss confederation. Precious metal was chiefly exported from the Czech Lands to the Swiss cantons and Swabia, whether in the form of minted silver coins or raw precious metal. Trade was mediated through Nuremberg merchants. The concrete case of several Prague burghers-merchants exemplifies their status in the city, their financial backgrounds, and the mercantile and monetary contacts that were often linked up with foreign commerce houses, the ruling court milieu or the credit possibilities of the Prague Jews. Although during the Hussite Wars (1419–1434), trade with the heretical Bohemia was restricted, the Imperial and Papal trade embargo was frequently bypassed. In the course of the Hussite Wars, a new wave of exportation of Bohemian art objects abroad took place in connection with the emigration of Catholics, where these objects were either sold or deposited by the refugees “for better times”. Thus, the exportation of Bohemian art abroad did not cease even during the Hussite Wars. Předkládaný příspěvek se zaměřuje na sledování obchodních kontaktů mezi Prahou a Bernem, případně dalšími švýcarskými městy. Z českých zemí byl do švýcarských kantonů a Švábska vyvážen především drahý kov, ať už v podobě ražených stříbrných mincí nebo nezpracovaného drahého kovu. Obchodní spojení šlo prostřednictvím norimberských kupců. Na konkrétním příkladu několika pražských měšťanů-kupců je ukázáno jejich postavení ve městě, finanční zázemí, obchodní a peněžní kontakty propojené často se zahraničními obchodními domy, panovnickým dvorským prostředím nebo úvěrovými možnostmi pražských Židů. Během husitských válek (1419–1434) sice došlo k podvázání obchodu s kacířskými Čechami, císařské a papežské obchodní embargo však bylo často obcházeno. V průběhu husitských válek také docházelo v souvislosti s emigrací katolíků k nové vlně exportu českých uměleckých předmětů do zahraničí, kde byly tyto předměty buďto prodávány, nebo uprchlíky deponovány „na lepší časy“. Ani během husitských válek tedy neustal export českého umění do zahraničí.
Keywords:
Prague; Prague’s Old Town; Luxembourgs; urban elite; trade; Pietà
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The Trade Contacts of Prague Burghers at the Turn of the 14th and 15th Century
The presented text explores the trade contacts between Prague and Bern, and other cities of the Swiss confederation. Precious metal was chiefly exported from the Czech Lands to the Swiss cantons and ...
From Denunciation to Humour. Forms of Attacks by Preachers on non-Roman Catholic Believers in selected Czech Sunday Postils
Havelka, Tomáš
2017 - English
This paper deals with forms of attacks on protestants in bohemical sermons mainly in second half of 17th Century and first half of 18th Century. Although counter reformation has definitely changed confessional conditions in Bohemia after victory on White Mountain battle, protestants persisted as one of most dangerous and strange enemy of pure faith. This attitude aimed mainly to Czech speaking believers and has been persuasively repeated in a lot of deeply influential homiletic works, namely in postils (in Sunday as well as in Feast ones). The aim of paper is inspect the most important Czech Sunday postils and evaluate frequency, strategy and forms of attacks. Excerpted postils were written by Š. Berlička-Scipio, M. V. Štajer, K. Račín, Š. F. Náchodský, F. Veselý, A. Koniáš etc. Some of these postils were clearly published as „a tool“ of strict counter reformation (M. V. Štajer, A. Koniáš), thus shape of their attitudes to protestants should be interesting. Other postils were composed as a manifestation of a moderate process of the counter reformation (F. Veselý); finally, we can find authors with really peculiar way of literary form and type of persuasion as well (Š. F. Náchodský).
Keywords:
homiletics; Sunday Postils; Early Modern Culture; preacher
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
From Denunciation to Humour. Forms of Attacks by Preachers on non-Roman Catholic Believers in selected Czech Sunday Postils
This paper deals with forms of attacks on protestants in bohemical sermons mainly in second half of 17th Century and first half of 18th Century. Although counter reformation has definitely changed ...
Knowledge is a Diamond
Punčochář, Vít
2017 - English
In the standard epistemic logic, the knowledge operator is represented as a box operator, a universal quantifier over a set of possible worlds. There is an alternative approach to the semantics of knowledge, according to which an agent a knows a proposition iff a has a reliable (e.g. sensory) evidence that supports the proposition. In this interpretation, knowledge is viewed rather as an existential, i.e. a diamond modality. In this paper, we will propose a formal semantics for substructural logics that allows to model knowledge on the basis of this intuition. The framework is strongly motivated by a similar semantics introduced by (Bílková, Majer, Peliš, 2016). However, as we will argue, our framework overcomes some unintuitive features of the semantics from (Bílková, Majer, Peliš, 2016). Most importantly, knowledge does not distribute over disjunction in our logic.
Keywords:
epistemic logic; substructural logic; knowledge
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Knowledge is a Diamond
In the standard epistemic logic, the knowledge operator is represented as a box operator, a universal quantifier over a set of possible worlds. There is an alternative approach to the semantics of ...
A general framework for logics of questions
Punčochář, Vít
2017 - English
This paper provides an overview of basic inquisitive semantics and its generalization proposed in (Punčochář, submitted). It is shown that the generalization allows to model questions over any of a large class of non-classical logics and so avoids paradoxes of material implication and irrelevance in the logic of questions. Moreover, it is advocated that the general framework does not lose any of the characteristic features of basic inquisitive semantics that are needed for modeling of questions.
Keywords:
inquisitive semantics; logic of questions; substructural logics
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
A general framework for logics of questions
This paper provides an overview of basic inquisitive semantics and its generalization proposed in (Punčochář, submitted). It is shown that the generalization allows to model questions over any of a ...
Modern technology and historical method
Sommer, Petr
2017 - Czech
Contemporary tendency to involve new technologies and methods into the historical research head towards extraordinary enlargement possibility to work on great collections of sources, but it is constantly important to formulize clear research questions and prospective aims. Současná tendence zapojování nových technologií a metod do historické práce vede k mimořádnému rozšíření zpracovatelských možností velkých souborů pramenů, stále je však nutné formulovat jasné badatelské otázky a očekávané cíle.
Keywords:
methods; computer; history; sources
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Modern technology and historical method
Contemporary tendency to involve new technologies and methods into the historical research head towards extraordinary enlargement possibility to work on great collections of sources, but it is ...
Substructural logics for pooling information
Sedlár, Igor; Punčochář, Vít
2017 - English
This paper puts forward a generalization of the account of pooling information – offered by standard epistemic logic – based on intersection of sets of possible worlds. Our account is based on information models for substructural logics and pooling is represented by fusion of information states. This approach yields a representation of\npooling related to structured communication within groups of agents. It is shown that the generalized account avoids some problematic features of the intersection-based approach. Our main technical result is a sound and complete axiomatization of a substructural epistemic logic with an operator expressing pooling.\n
Keywords:
distributed knowledge; information pooling; substrucural logics
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Substructural logics for pooling information
This paper puts forward a generalization of the account of pooling information – offered by standard epistemic logic – based on intersection of sets of possible worlds. Our account is based on ...
Interpretacija Komenskogo J. Patočkoj v kontekste ego filosofii istorii
Schifferová, Věra
2017 - Russian
Patočka´s interest in Comenius was motivated by his interest in the philosophy of history. The chapter demonstrates Patočka´s concern with Comenius which resultated from Patočka´s focus on the turn from the Christian man to the man without Christiantiy as well as from his interest in the crisis of the modern man. For Patočka, the spiritual transformation, which is the main of civilisation difficulties of the modern humanity lies in replacing one´s “open soul” with a soul that´s “closed”. Patočka approaches Comenius as a thinker who´s difference from the main ideational trend of the modern age might be enormously inspirational in searching for a new spiritual path, whithout which our current humanity has no chance of leading itself out of the crisis that was brought on it by scinetific and technical civilisation; attention is drawn to the issue “pedagogy of the turn” towards the openness in the Post-European period. Interes Jana Patočki k Komenskomu byl motivirovan ego interesom k filosofii istorii. Staťja pokazyvaet, čto vnimanie Patočki k Komenskomu svjazano s ego napravlennostju k probleme pereroždenija christianskogo čeloveka v čeloveka poslechristianskogo i k probleme krizica civilizacii moderna. Soglasno Patočke, duchovnoe prevraščenie, kotoroe stalo glavnoj problemoj čelovečestva epochi moderna, eto zamena “otkrovennoj duši” “dušoj zamknutoj”. Patočka pokazyval, čto Komenskij imenno tem, čem otličaetsja ot glavnogo idejnogo napravlenija epochi moderna, možet črezvyčajno inspirirovať sovremennogo čeloveka, kotoryj iščet novuju duchovnuju orientaciju, bez kotoroj net šanca najti vychod iz krizica sovremennoj naučno-techničeskoj civilizacii; vnimanie obraščeno k “pedagogike povorota”, k otkrytosti, otkrovennosti v sovremennoj posleevropejskoj epoche.
Keywords:
Comenius; Patočka; crisis of the modern civilisation; Post-European Period; pedagogy of the turn; open soul
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Interpretacija Komenskogo J. Patočkoj v kontekste ego filosofii istorii
Patočka´s interest in Comenius was motivated by his interest in the philosophy of history. The chapter demonstrates Patočka´s concern with Comenius which resultated from Patočka´s focus on the turn ...
Die Entwicklung der Technikbewertung in der Tschechischen Republik. Barrieren und Chancen
Machleidt, Petr; Mráček, K.
2017 - German
The paper deals with the situation of Technology Assessment in the Czech Republic. There is a well-developed theoretical basis of TA but a relatively weak TA practice. We are lacking a broad and concrete institutional lay down of TA, in particular, there is no effective link to relevant legislative activities. The concept of TA can also be viewed as a right tool for research and innovation policy in the Czech Republic. Teaching in the field of TA is also important. The positive acceptance of TA problems by students at the TU Prague shows new opportunities for the establishment of TA in the Czech Republic. The idea of “industry 4.0” is also a great challenge for TA in the Czech Republic. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Situation der Technikfolgenbewertung in der Tschechischen Republik. Es gibt eine gut entwickelte theoretische Grundlage für TA, aber eine relativ schwache TA-Praxis. Uns fehlt der breite und konkrete institutionelle Aufbau von TA, insbesondere gibt es keine effektive Verbindung zu relevanten legislativen Aktivitäten. Das Konzept der TA kann auch als ein richtiges Instrument für die Forschungs- und Innovationspolitik in der Tschechischen Republik angesehen werden. Unterricht im Bereich TA ist ebenfalls wichtig. Die positive Akzeptanz von TA-Problemen durch Studenten an der TU Prag zeigt neue Möglichkeiten für die Gründung von TA in der Tschechischen Republik. Die Idee von “Industrie 4.0” ist auch eine große Herausforderung für TA in der Tschechischen Republik.
Keywords:
Technology Assessment; TA Practice; Industry 4.0; Innovation Policy
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Die Entwicklung der Technikbewertung in der Tschechischen Republik. Barrieren und Chancen
The paper deals with the situation of Technology Assessment in the Czech Republic. There is a well-developed theoretical basis of TA but a relatively weak TA practice. We are lacking a broad and ...
NRGL provides central access to information on grey literature produced in the Czech Republic in the fields of science, research and education. You can find more information about grey literature and NRGL at service web
Send your suggestions and comments to nusl@techlib.cz
Provider
Other bases